Design and produce of water, agriculture & natural Resources info base of markazi province.  [2007]

   

Najmi, Motaba
Noori, Abolfazl
Moghadasi, Jafar
Mohtashami, Ali
Ahmadi, Mohammad Reza
Ebrhimi, Nader Goli
Azadnia, Ahmad

Abstract:
The project approved in Markazi province, research and technology council and derived to the agriculture and natural resources research center for executing. The project entitled as"Water, Agriculture and Natural resources InfoBase of Markazi provinces". That is web base software develop agriculture section for production job opportunity and investment purposes. In the first step the required space and uploading processes in the internet designed in the following address; www.agrimarkazi.ir In the development phases of the project collected data upload in the mentioned address and other quality investigation corrected out. In this project the agriculture section divided into 32 subdivisions of: Watershed - Soil and water - Water Affairs - Soil and water engineering - Natural resources - Environment – Meteorology, Agronomy and horticulture - Plant conservation - Support services - Lands affairs, Animal affairs - Veterinary - Animal affairs support - Bird and animal slaughter-house - Veterinary clinics and drugstores – fishery, Rural conversion industry - Rural construction and development - Agricultural Mechanization - Agricultural machines development agency - Arak dairy industry - Agricultural Extension and People participation - Utilization systems - Tribes affaires, Business - Agricultural cooperation - Rural cooperation - Bank facilities - Agricultural Bank.

Collection, recognition, planting and domestication of medical plants of markazi province.

2000

Baba Khan Lou, Parviz; Mottaqi, Abbas; Mir Davudi, Hamid Reza; Gandom Kar Qalhari, Akbar; Mozaffariyan, Vali Ol-Lah; Zahedi Pur, Hojjat Ol-Lah

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The Markazi Province has different typs of climatic condition due to its location which is inside the angle of Alborz and Zagros mountains. As a concequence of such a chractrisitics it posses a great varity of high diversity of plant species. On the basis of existing reports and scientific resources as were as field investigation,there are more than 1200 plant species in rangeland areas of Markazi Province from which 144 species were recognized as medical plants, that belongs to 127 genus and 48 famillies. The famillies of compositeae and labiateae are the most dominants.The distribution of some of these sp is limitted to special habitat typs and elevation but the majority of them are wildly distributed over the areas undepent on amount of elevation and rainfall. In this research based on glossary of medical teatment and field investigation the medical plants of Markazi pravince and 28 new sp which are not more pronounced in the literatures were introduced. The most importat of medical plants of Markazi province were planted with the aim of establishing basis for further research work in Ali-abad medical plants research station .

Investigation on Verticillium Wilt of Alfalfa in Markazi Province  [2004]

   

Qalandar, Mojtaba
Haq shenas, Mahmoud

Abstract:
An outbreak of a wilt-like disease of alfalfa (lucerne) in the Markazi province of Iran was investigated. Diseased alfalfa occurred on sprinkler irrigated alkaline soils in north of Arak county in the Markazi province of Iran, but the disease was absent in other counties of the province. Field symptoms during early growth stages typically consisted of V-shape orangepinkish necrotic areas on the leaflets tips. On severely affected shoots of more mature plants, leaflets were usually necrotic and twisted, forming spirals. Diseased stems remained erect and did not become chlorotic until after all the leaves had lost their chlorophyll. New shoots on infected plants appeared normal at first but showed symptoms as they approached physiological maturity. These symptoms are very similar to those reported for Verticilliumwilt in alfalfa, and V. albo-atrum was isolated from field collected plant samples by plating surface-sterilized tissues onto water agar (WA). V. alboatrum was confirmed as the causal agent of the disease by re-inoculation of lucerne plants using a conidial suspension by root dip inoculation. Symptoms on inoculated plants were similar to those described above for field infections. Following amplification by PCR, the sequences of the complete ITS1/5.8S/ITS2 regions of the rRNA gene repeats for three isolates (GenBank Acc. Nos Ay536044-6) were identical to that previously reported for the lucerne (L), pathotype of GpI V. albo-atrum.

Collection and identification of establishment herbaria in Markazi Province.  [2009]

   

Ranjbar, Mosa
Goodarzi, Gholam Reza
Mottaghi, Abbas
Soufiyan, Khadijeh

Abstract:
The research plan of collection identification and nursery of plants and establishment of herbarium in Markazi province is one of the most important research actions for other natural recourses activities. It could be a possibility to make scientific services for executive .educational and research sections. On the other hand classification of plants based on consumption types. Such as medicinal, industrial or based on animal preference has the scientific values for natural resources researchers, student, experts and other users. In this research on different seasons and during the recognizable plant identification (period of flower and fruit), the Markazi province plants were collected, identified after drying, samples species were labeled. In this research (phase ٢ ) ٢٩٢٦ samples from ٩٥٢ species ٥٧٥ genus, and ٧٤ family were collected from which ٢٠٢ species from ١٣١ genus were identified as new species. ٣ new family also were collected and identified. We also concluded the distribution of plant samples based on the township discrimination as follows: shazand with ٧٨٢ samples, Saveh with ٥٨٠samples, Ashtian with ١٥٢samples, tafresh with ٣٣٠samples, khomein with ٢٤٠samples, Mahallat and Delijan with ٢١١ samples. While ١٤٨ samples also were send to forest and range land institute of Iran. Should be meridians that in phase ١ of this research plan ٦٤٠٠ sample from ١٠٢٠ species, ٤٤٠genus and ٧١ families were collected and identified.

Measuring the comparative advantage of bean in Zanjan and Markazi provinces  [1386]

   

Ainollahi Ahmadabadi, Moharram
Kalaii, Ali

Abstract:
Zanjan and Markazi provinces are two main regions for bean production in Iran. Farmers of these provinces allocate annually more than 24 thousand hectares of their fertile lands to bean cultivation and supply more than 25 percent of bean in the country. Average yield of the bean in these regions is higher than mean yield of the country. In Zanjan province that has the highest yield in the country, cities Abhar and Khorramdarreh are the most important regions for bean production. While in Markazi province, bean is produced in all the cities except for Ashtian Regarding to potential of the aforementioned provinces, government emphasis for developing non-oil specially agricultural products exports and also programming for joining to World Trade Organization (WTO) by the country, shows the necessity of studying the comparative advantage of agricultural products. In this relation, this research was prepared and carried out in Zanjan and Markazi provinces in order to study the comparative advantage of bean. Required data were obtained by interviews with the farmers in the provinces and filling in the pre-structured questionnaires. Gathered data were analyzed using the EXCEL and SPSSWIN softwares and comparative advantage was calculated using the DRC, SCB and NSP criteria. For both provinces, Domestic Resource Cost (DRC) and Social Cost Benefit (SCB) were calculated greater than one and Net Social Profit (NSP) was calculated greater than zero.

Survey of Effective Factors on Adoption or Rejection of Pressurized Irrigation Systems by Farmers in Markazi Province.  [2010]

   

Najami, Mojtaba
Moghadasi, Jafar
Borghani Farahani, Mehedi
Saeidi, Ahmad
Khosravi, Akbar
Khazanchin, Mahnaz
Tavakoli, Mohammad Reza

Abstract:
In this study the factors affecting acceptance or rejection of pressurized irrigation systems by farmers in Markazi Province has been investigated. These factors are include; personal characteristics (age, education and experience), financial resources, production facilities ownership, land ownership, water source ownership, quality (EC) of water, type of product, implementation of training courses and extension services, credit, interest and enthusiasm modern methods of agriculture, investment risk, saving irrigation costs, increased prodauction and increased cultivation of agricultural products. To study these survey research methods is used. Database of pressurized irrigation systems of the implementation of applicants were prepared from Jihad Organization of Markazi Province. This data is until Shahrivar of 1388 that the numbers of applicants in 1721 people are concerned.On the other hand according to agricultural census 82 years the number of farmers and agricultural water garden with the Markazi province has about 75176 populations, which numbers this research identifies. Cochran sampling and sample size was 382 people. 60 percent of patients stratified systematic method of statistics taken from the applicants implement new irrigation systems and 40 percent other selected randomly from among the farmers who still use traditional irrigation systems were selected.

Preparation of the Flora of provinces of Iran  [2011]

   

Jamzad, Ziba

Abstract:
The floristic studies and identification of the plant species in different provinces of Iran will provide essential data for different research subjects associated with plants and natural resources. Referring to the research project titled "collection and identification of the flora of different provinces of Iran and development of provincial herbaria which was executed in two phases" in a period of 10 years, valuable data were provided about the flora and vegetation of provinces. The results should have been classified, arranged and published in the format of flora to be available to researchers, students and conservationists. The preparation of provincial floras project was defined to be executed in the following provinces: East Azaerbayjan, Hamadan, Kermanshah, Kordestan, Loresta and Qhazvin in 1384 and in the next year (1385) for Markazi, Esfahan and Khorasan. The floristic list of each province was prepared based on the new collections and identification of species in each of the mentioned herbaria, different floras, the Iranian Journal of Botany and thesis concerning floristic and vegetation studies. The families and genera of each province were listed and the identification keys were prepared for families, then genera and species in different plant families. The species are provided with a description, geographical distribution in the province and in Iran. In each province the endemic species of Iran and those specific to the province were identified.

Study of Distribution and ecology of wild pistacia in Markazi province; Case study: Nazar Kardeh habitat in Saveh Town ship  [2004]

   

Zahedi Pour, H., Associated Prof. of Natural Resources Research Center of Markazi Province
Fatahi, M., Member of Scientific Board of Forest and Rangelnds Institute
Mirdavoodi, H., Member of Scientific Commity of Natural Resources Research Center of Markazi Province
Azdoo, Z., Expertise of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Markazi Province

Abstract:
Considering appropriate adaptability of different wild species of pistacia in different arid and semi-arid environment of the country as well as its high value from the point of view of rezin and other chemical production, oil, and pharmacological consumption of their seeds, founding their habitats in the different areas of Markazi province (as a sub-project of the national project under the title of The study of pistacia distribution and related influencing factors in Iran) seems to be important. In this project first of all, the basic informaton including topographical,soil, climate, geologyl, and landuse map of Nazar Kardeh mountain in Saveh Town ship with 1/50000 scale were prepared and digitized.In order to study the phenological characteristics of the species.The parameters, such as the number of trees in the samples, trees height, trees width diameters, the time of flowering, the time of leaf appearance, the amount of seeds and its color, ... were recorded in sampling areas. After establishing the DEM of the areas, aspect and slope map were also produced using dfdx and dfdy filter using Ilwis Academic program package. On the basis of this investigation the following results were obtained. The distribution limits are located between 1080 to 1293 above sea level.The density of trees are 30 – 50 individuals per ha.The average hight of the trees is 3.27 m, and the maximum hight is 5 m.The average height of the tree trunk is about 1.18m.The average tree crown height is 2.

Autecology study of polygonum luzuloides and polygonum paronychioides in Markazi province.  [2008]

   

Shah Moradi, Amr A`li
Nasr Ol-Lahi, Abu Al-Fazl
Zahedi Pur, Hojjat Ol-Lah
Mir Davudi, Hamid Reza
Zare`, Mostafa

Abstract:
Each plan and operation for rangland improvement and restoration needs the complete recognition of endemic and importance plant species. In this research¡ the indivisual charactristic of 2 plant species ( Polygonium ¡ luzulioides¡ Polygonum paronychioides) and their relationships to biotic and abotic factors of ecosystem were studied. Therefor, first of all, the Geographical location of this 2 plant species were recognized. Then, climatic condition, vegetation and other environmental charactristic of this two plant species such as phenology, preference valve and seed condition were studied. For details investigation, 3 vegetative region including: step area of Aznojan, Semi step area of Gole _ Zard and ligh mountains area of Chepeghly were specified in rangland area of Markazi province, Result show that the species po.luzuloides were distributed in 8219,2 ha of Markazi province, mainly in north eastern part of province such as Rasvand mountain¡ in the area of sooraneh, Besri, langrood, kheibar, Aladagh, sarv, Dokhaharan¡ Azna, qhela, Do-ture, Haji-naser, and poloyi mountains. The average rainfall in step and semistep habitates for po-paronychioides is 242,16 m.m and in high mountains area is 308,86 mm. The mean annval Temperature in step and semistep habitates for this sp is 12,9 C◦ and in high mountains is 13,9 C◦. The habitate soil PH of the former sp is 6,9 at 7,7 dominated with clay texture and low depth.

Effects of iodine and selenium supplementation of the Farahani sheep on their mineral status in Markazi province,Iran  [2009]

   

Talebian Masoudi, A.R., Member of the Academic Board of Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Markazi Province, Iran
Fazaeli, H., Member of the Academic Board of Animal Science Research Institute
Bahadori, S., MSc Expert of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Markazi Province

Abstract:
Three year research was conducted to determine the selenium and iodine status and monitoring effects of mineral supplementation of sheep flocks in Markazi province, Iran. Three sheep flock in different areas (Shazand, Khomein and Arak) were selected and in each flock, 120 young ewes were randomly allotted to 4 treatments groups included: no supplement (T1) as control, (T2 ) injections of Se, (T3) Iodine and (T4 )Selenium plus iodine. Results showed that, glutation peroxidase enzyme (GSH-Px) activity as well as the iodine status were significantly(P0.05) different among the flocks, where the highest activity amount(102.2 U/g Hb) of the enzyme found in Arak but lowest (46.3 U/g Hb) in Shazand flock. The highest urinary concentration of iodine was detected in Khomein flock (39.0 µg/L) followed by Arak (35.9 µg/L) but lowest amount (24.7 µg/L) found in Shazand flock. There were significantly (P0.05) differences between the years for GSH-Px activity and urinary iodine concentration in the ewes but the seasonal variations were limited to Arak flock. Injection of Se+E significantly (P0.05) increased GSH-Px activity. Iodine supplementation resulted a significantly (P0.05) higher urine iodine content. The results indicated the probability of iodine and selenium deficiency in some flocks. Utilization of the supplements positively affected mineral status of ewes.

The collection, identification, maintenance, regeneration and utilization of forest trees and shrubs genetic resources of Markazi Province.  [2008]

   

Panah Pur, Heydar
Zahedi Pur, Hojjat Ol-Lah
A`refi, Maddah
Gudarzi, Gholam Reza
Azdu, Ziya
Asareh, Mohammad Hassan

Abstract:
Recognition of plant genetic resources, investigation of ecological and morphological condition and determination of geographical location of the plant species as well as implementation of research projects on conservation and protection of these resources with the use of different conservation technices seems to have a special importance. In this research, the geographical location and distribution of tree and shrubs of Markazi province were determined with GPS and recorded in digital map as a segment with 1/50000 scale and then polygonized. Gegraphic information system (GIS) and ilwis academic software were applied on mapping the tree and shrubs species distribution with two form of polygon and point maps. Different ecological parameters of the species such as sampling location, species distribution in defferent township, latitude and longitude of the species habitats, soil types depth and pH, tree and shrubs height, slop percentage of sampling area,… as well as morphological parameters such as plant diameter, plant form,. Stem, branch leaf, leaflet, flower, fruit, seed and charactristics such as color, size and etc were recorded and measured for 12 species with the first priorities such as pistacia atlantica, Pistacia khinjuke, Nitraria shobiri, Rus cororaria, Quercus persica, Amygdalus scoparia, Lonicer Nummulariifolia, Berberris Integrrima, Cerataegus Zsovitsii, Cerataegus Pseudoheterophylla, Creatagous Atrosanguinea.

Critical for phosphorus and potassium.‎ ،for bean(phaseolus valgaris L.)in Markazi province‎.  [2006]

   

Kodshenas, Mohammad Ali
Dadivar, Masoud
Gadbeyklo, Javad
Moradabadi, Golam Reza

Abstract:
Soil test has important role in plant nutrition management to obtain economical agriculture system. Recommendation soil testing results arr reigenal' therefore this tests and calibrations must be carried out necessarily for each specific climate condition. Bean \{Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most widly grown in markazi province and has high nutrition value for human.Lack of any information about potassium and phosphorus critical levels and regional calibration' this study was canducted in markazi province. Soil surface samples including twenty three for phophorus and twenty xix for potassium experiments' with wide rang of soil properties and p* k concentration were collected from different zone of province and prepeared for greenhouse cultivation. Greenhouse experiment was conducted as complete randomized design with three replications for each elements. Treatments were including two levels of potassium (CM 00 mg k kg'' soil) and phosphorus (0'50 mg p kg"' soil). At the end of vegetative stage plants harvested and prepeard fof laboratory analysis. Analyze of variance results showed that effect of soil and fertilizer were significant on dry matter weighet' and p' k concentration and uptake. Inn-action effect of soil and fertilizer was significant on three prameters in phosphorus experiment but this effect only significant on potassium concentration.

Critical for phosphorus and potassium.‎ ،for bean(phaseolus valgaris L.)in Markazi province‎.  [2006]

   

Kodshenas, Mohammad Ali
Dadivar, Masoud
Gadbeyklo, Javad
Moradabadi, Golam Reza

Abstract:
Soil test has important role in plant nutrition management to obtain economical agriculture system. Recommendation soil testing results arr reigenal' therefore this tests and calibrations must be carried out necessarily for each specific climate condition. Bean \{Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most widly grown in markazi province and has high nutrition value for human.Lack of any information about potassium and phosphorus critical levels and regional calibration' this study was canducted in markazi province. Soil surface samples including twenty three for phophorus and twenty xix for potassium experiments' with wide rang of soil properties and p* k concentration were collected from different zone of province and prepeared for greenhouse cultivation. Greenhouse experiment was conducted as complete randomized design with three replications for each elements. Treatments were including two levels of potassium (CM 00 mg k kg'' soil) and phosphorus (0'50 mg p kg"' soil). At the end of vegetative stage plants harvested and prepeard fof laboratory analysis. Analyze of variance results showed that effect of soil and fertilizer were significant on dry matter weighet' and p' k concentration and uptake. Inn-action effect of soil and fertilizer was significant on three prameters in phosphorus experiment but this effect only significant on potassium concentration.

Evaluation of Forage Yield and Quality of Intercropping of Vetch and Grasspea with Grasses Annual under Rainfed Conditions in Markazi province.  [2010]

   

Roozbahani, Afshin
Ghadbyghlo, Javad
Babaei, Taghi
Mir Abdolhagh, Akbar

Abstract:
To evaluate and compare the quantitative and qualitative yield of vetch and grasspea intercropping with annual Grasses under rainfed conditions of Markazi Province, an experiment during ١٣٨٧ - ٨٨ and ١٣٨٨ - ٨٩ Farm Research Station Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Markazi Province, located in region the Frahan, Tafresh city and as a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments to ١٦ treatments, including pure culture vetch (Vicia Panonica), grasspea (Lathyrus Sativus) with a density of ٢٥٠ seeds per square meter and annual grasses includes triticale and annual lolium (Lolium multiflorium) with a density of ٤٠٠ seeds per square meter and the ratios of various intercropping they contain legumes ٧٥ % + Grass ٢٥ %, legumes ٥٠ % + Grass ٥٠ %, legumes ٢٥ % + Grass ٧٥ % to replace and tangled were applied. Traits including both wet and dry forage yield and protein yield of forage were measured. Harvesting wet forage was ٥٠ % flowering stage legumes with dough stage of grain the grass. Statistical analysis on data using SAS software was performed. The results of analysis of variance combined data measured showed that between crop years, treatments and year * treatment interaction for wet forage yield, dry forage yield and forage protein with ٩٩ % confidence was significant difference.

Drawing Depth Area Duration in Markazi Province  [2007]

   

Agharazi, H., Scientific Member of the Center of Agricultur and Natural Resources of Arak
Telvari, A., Associated Professor in Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute
Davoudirad, A.A., Scientific Member of the Center of Agricultur & Natural Resources of Arak

Abstract:
Recognition of rainfall spatial variation over catchments is an important factor in designing water resources and watershed treatment projects. Drawing depth- area- duration (DAD) curves in any region can be useful to estimate spatial distribution of precipitation in drainage basin. The present study has been carried out for Markazi province and its adjacent area. Markazi province has an area of 2940000 hectare. There are 59 rain guages and one synoptic station over the province area with 30 years rainfall records (1966-1997). 60 numbers of 24 hours precipitation events have been selected for the study and the cumulative 24, 12, 6 and 3 hours rainfall graphs were draw. Gradient equation of each rainfall event was developed using the relation of elevation and precipitation. Topographic map of province were digitized using Ilwis 2.2 GIS program package. Gradiant equation for each event was entered to GIS in order to prepare isoohytal map. Some parameters including increment area, net rainfall, cumulative precipitation and the average of maximum precipitation for each precipitation have been identified. Then the first curves of DAD for any precipitation have been drawn and for each base time, the average value of precipitation for have been calculated and drawn. These curves show that in area of one square kilometer in each time of 24, 12, 6, and 3 hours the values of 40, 31, 28.5 and 28 mm precipitation were exist.

Investigation on comparative advantage of bean production in Markazi province

2011

Ainollahi, M., Member of Scientific Staff, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Zanjan Province, Zanjan; Kalaei, A., Member of Scientific Staff, Agricultural Planning Economic and Rural Development Research Institute, Tehran

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This research was carried out in Markazi province in order to study the comparative advantage of bean production. Required data were obtained in a survey research by interviewing with 167 bean producers in different regions of the province and filling in the pre-structured questionnaires during 2002-2003 crop year. Gathered data were analyzed using the EXCEL and SPSSWIN softwares. Comparative advantage was calculated using Domestic Resource Cost (DRC), Social Cost Benefit (SCB) and Net Social Profitability (NSP) indicators using two absolute and relative Power Purchasing Parity (PPP) scenarios. In both scenarios, values of the DRC and SCB were calculated less than one and NSP was calculated greater than zero. Results indicated that Markazi province has comparative advantage for bean production.

Integrated management of pests and diseases of different poplar species and clones in Iran.  [2009]

   

Sadeqi, Ebrahim
Modir Rahmati, A`li Reza
A`skari, Hassan
Mehrabi, Ahmad
Farrashiyani, Ebrahim
Bab Morad, Mehri

Abstract:
Iran is one of the countries with poor forest sources. As a result of severe consumption of forests due to human ambition and lack of accurate management, forest areas of the country are reducing rapidly. So, developing forests especially with planting fast growing trees like poplar is of great necessity for the country. Pests and diseases are among the factors that cause severe quantitative and qualitative damages on poplar trees. In some areas the damage level of these agents are so high that has made the farmers reluctant to plant poplar trees. So, it is necessary to control the damage causing agents by integrated control methods that are nature friendly and economically suitable and reduce the population of the damaging agents under the economical threshold level. Integrated pest management (IPM) is due to qualitative and quantitative identification of the ecosystem and considers the existing ruling factors among biotic factors and protecting the natural enemies of pests. The project was executed during ١٩٩٧ _] ٢٠٠٧ in the following provinces: Guilan, Chaharmahalva- Bakhtiari, Zanjan, Hamedan, Isfahan, Kermanshah, Kohgilouye-va-Boyer-Ahmad, Markazi, West and East Azarbaijan, Northern Khorasan and Tehran. Poplar pests fauna was studied on different native and exotic poplar species and clones, which were planted according to compared and selected popultum projects.

Resistance to Aryloxyphenoxy propionate herbicides in wild oat (Avena spp.)

2004

Zand, Eskandar; Ramezani, Mohammad Kazem; Fereydun Pur, Mohammad; Makani, Azar; Kashani, Fatemeh; Bavari nezhad , Hasan

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Inorder to evaluate the resistance of wild oat (Avena spp.) to Aryloxyphenoxy propionate herbicides, separate field experiments were performed in 2002-2003 growing season in Fars, Khuzestan and Markazi provinces. Also three separate green house experiments were performed in the green houses of Plant Pest and Diseases Research Institute(PPDRI),Tehran. Field experiments were coducted as a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement of treatments in four replications.The treatments were wild oat population(5 in Fars,4 in each of Markazi and khurasan). one of the population in each location was sensitive and the others were suspicious to resistance.The other treatment was herbicide dosage in two levels (0 and recommended dosages).The herbicide and dosage used in each location was phenoxaprop-p-butyl(1 lit. h-1) in Fars(includes FR1,FR2,FR3 and FR4 as suspecious populations(SP) and a sensitive population(SP)), diclofopmethyl( 2.5 lit. h-1) in Markazi(includes MR1,MR2 and MR3 as SP and MS as SP) and clodinafop-propagyl (0.8 lit.h-1)in Khuzestan(include KR1,KR2 and KR3 as SP and KS as SP). The measured traits were density(p.m-2) and shoot biomass(g. m-2) of wild oat.The density was measured at three times, prior to application herbicides, 3 week after application herbicides and at harvest time. The green house experiments were conducted using a randomized complete design with 4 replications in phenoxaprop-p-butyl and clodinafop-propagyl and 5 replications in diclofop-methyl.The time of herbicides application and the used dosage were like the field experiments. Density(p. m-2)and shoot biomass(g. m-2)and numbering according to EWRC,were performed four week after herbicides application. The result indicated that KR3 was resistant to clodinafop-propagyl in the field experiments and KR1,KR2 and KR3 were resistant to diclofop-methyl , clodinafop-propagyl and phenoxaprop-p-butyl and FR4 to phenoxaprop-p-butyl in the green house experiments.

The study of influencing factors on wild pistacia sp distribation in Markazi Province  [2005]

   

Zahedi Pur, Hojat Ol - Lah
Mir Davodi, Hamid Reza
Godarzi, Gholam Reza
Azdu, Ziya
Moradi, Hamid

Abstract:
The species of wild pistacia are the most valuable species from the view point of economy and environmental protection.feed and forage values of its branches and grains, chemical and medical useages of its gum as well as species importance rol to protecting the environment and restoring badly degradated watershed areas has given an outstanding and important values to it.In this resarch first of all, areas or habitats of the different species in markazi province were recoqnized and mapped. Then phenological investigation were carried out to determine some qualitative chractrisitcs of the trees and habitats. Some influencing environmental factors to species distribution were also recognized .On the basis of this investigation 19 unit or polygon in 16 geogrphical areas with 2216/2 ha in the form of 4 different forest types were recognized from which 10 units are the most important .The maximum species distribution were recognized on 10-20 slope degree with 520 ha dominated on the east- part of the areas. We also concluded that hight distribtion range of the species are located between 1200-2400 m above sea level.

Evaluation of biological traits and selection of the best colonies in Tehran, Isfahan,Ghazvin and Markazi provinces.  [2008]

   

Tahmasbi, Gholam Hossein
Akhondi, M.
Mashayekhi, Majid
Farshineh A`dl, Mohammad Baqer
Taj Abadi, Naser
Sotudeh, Ja`far
Bigdeli, Ruh Al-Lah
Kamali Sarvestani, Mohammad A`li
E`badi, Rahim
Nejati Javarami, Ardeshir
Javaheri, Davud
Bahreyni Nu Bandegani, Rasul
Yar Ahmadi, Sima
A`kef, Majid
Jamshidi, Masha` Al-Lah

Abstract:
Using of honeybee queens with more production and suitable behaviour is one of the important pillars of Apiculture success. In actual using of bred queens srupply the best exploitation of pollen and nectar regions. Scientist of honeybee genetic believed the best breeding strategy for regions that located in honeybee natural distribution area in the world, is breeding of native honeybee reces. In actual in these regions which had native race from millions years ago, trying of researchers for its improvement production and behoviour traits and also decrease the negative characteristics is the best strategy. So in Iran with meda race (Iranian native honeybee race) from millions years ago honeybee breeding project was suggested to improve the Iranian honeybee colonies production and behaviour traits. Based on the results of morphological and biochemical study of honeybee population in Iran the first phase breeding project was conducted in Tehran, Isfahan, Markazi and Ghazvin provinces, in the central of Iran, in the firs phase of breeding project, 5000 honeybee colonies of 27 cities in four provinces were evaluated during the 1998. Honey production swarning behaviour, agressiveness and calmness behaviour were assessed in these colonies and after analyzing of obtained data 874 best colonies were selected based on independent colling level method. After evaluating in spring and summer the selected colonies were moved to Rodan and produced young queens in the winter of 1999.

Survey of Effectives of Rural Industries on Indexes of Economical and Social in Villages of Markazi Province.

2008

Najmi, Mojtaba; Rahimi, A`li Asghar; Ahmadi, Mohammad Reza; Najafi Zadeh, A`bbas

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The semi of our country population live in villages Approximately. That income of the more them is by agriculture. Agriculture by limited potentiality for example, scarcity of water and land, not enough of mechanization, hardness work in agriculture and with a low efficiency, have been caused that, villagers immigrate to cities. Of course, there are deferent resons of other for immigration of villagers, but at the present, that is enough. Roral Industrialization is a way for solation of problem, and experiments of deferent countries determine this object. In this research, rorul industries of extant were considred for Independed variable and Indexes of economical-social content: increase of income, create of jobs, invest of renewed, not immigration, change of based on age levels, creation of a class of industrial job and distribution of income that are dependent variables. Method of research is survey, such as, it must answerd to this question that, Can rural industries of extant effect on indexes of economical-social of Markazi province villages? In this reseach, in per village that it has atleast one industrial shop of active with productivity of three years ago, it is a unit of statistical. Our statistical population has 211 villages with above conditions that sample volume was calculated and became equal with 73 villages. Two questionnaires were designed from Indexes and questions of research. The first questionnaire for supervisors of families in per village and next for supervisors of industrial shops. Then questionnaires were filled for quantity of determined. Data of statistical were drawing up from questionnaires and also, documents of statistical. Then, they were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics with software of SPSS. In the end , this is concluded that , units of rural industries of extant have been not effected on indexes of economical–social of Markazi province villages, only, indexes of invest of renewed and change of based on age levels have been effected, but a few. For solution, we must use from methods of scientific and research, such as, measure of capacities and potentials of rural industries and location industries is determined, until it can aid to villages for industrialization of themselves, similar that ١٠٠ ,has happeneded in India and China. At last, we will develop villages by methods of above

Determination of critical level for iron and zinc in some calcareous soils under bean cultivation in Markazi province.

2009

Khod Shenas, Mohammad A`li; Dadivar, Mas`ud; Qadbiklu, Javad; Morad Abadi, Gholam Reza; Rudbarani, Jahan Gir

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Soil test has important role in plant nutrition management to obtain economical agriculture system. Recommendation soil testing results are regional¡ therefore this tests and calibrations must be carried out necessarily for each specific climate condition. Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most widly grown in markazi province and has high nutritional value for human. Because of lack of any information about iron and zinc critical levels and regional calibration¡ this study was canducted in markazi province. Soil surface samples including thirty eight for iron and zinc experiments¡ with wide rang of soil properties and Fe¡ Zn concentration were collected from different zone of province and prepeared for greenhouse cultivation. Greenhouse experiment was conducted as complete randomized design with three replications for each elements. Treatments were including two levels of iron and zinc (0¡10 mgkg-1 soil). At the end of vegetative stage plants harvested and prepeared for laboratory analysis. Analyze of variance results showed that effects of soil and fertilizer were significant on dry matter weighet¡ and Fe¡ Zn concentration and uptake. Intraction effects of soil and fertilizer were significant on dry matter weight , zinc concentration ,uptake and on iron concentration and uptake, in zinc and iron experiments respectively. Results of Duncan multiple range test showed that fertilizers application had significant difference on dry matter weight¡ concentration and plant uptake of iron and zinc. Critical level determined 5 mg Fe kg-1 soil for iron and 0.8 mg zn kg-1 soil for zinc (DTPA extraction method) with cate _ nelson graphic method.

Study on the effects of several varieties and planting dates on population cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae L. on canola

2007

Keyhaniyan, A`li Akbar; Khajeh Zadeh, Yad Ol-Lah; Khanizad, A`bbas; Jusiyan, A`bbas; Shadkam, Qasem; Rashidi, A`li Mohammad

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The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. and mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt) are one of the most important pests of canola that has serious damage to it. One of the methods of integrated pest management is finding the resistant varieties and use suitable, dates of sowing. The experiment was laid out to evaluated resistance of four varieties of Braassica napus L and three dates of sowing (D1, D2 and D3) to aphid in split plot design at, Markazi, Khozestan, Kordestan and Eillam provinces, during 2004-2006. All experiment were conducted in farmers&rsquofield and infested by cabbage aphid in normally. In Markazi province results of field condition study revealed that the average aphid population per plant was maximum in (D3) followed by (D2) and minimum in (D1), irrespective of varieties during both years. Rapeseed variety SLM046 harbored the maximum number of aphids followed by PF, Licord and RGS003. In Khuzestan province the highest of infection and the lowest yield was observed in Hayol 401 in the third planting date (1 Dec.). In Kordestan province SLMO Varity in first date of sowing has highest yield and finally in Eillam province Zarfam Varity in first date of sowing has highest yield.

Site demands of Almond (Amygdalus scoparia) in Markazi province.

2008

Saqeb Talebi, Khosru; Gudarzi, Gholam Reza; Zahedi Pur, Hojjat Ol-Lah; Ranjbar Masuri, Musa; Azdu, Ziya; Qad Bygh Lu, Javad

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Habitat needs and requirement of forest species is necessary for natural resources management. Amygdalus scoparia is one of the important forest species in Markazi province that could be use in different climatic condition and utilization in forested areas. In this research, first of all the laboratory and field investigation were carried out, then the data were analyzed using SAS, PC ORD and SPSS program package. Some ecological parameters such as land form, altitude, latitude and longitude, geographical aspect, topography, soil parameters as well as quantitative measurement of species growth such as tree height, crown diameters and quality, viability, regeneration and ground cover were investigated and analysed. On the basis of this investigation we concluded the following:1- maximum frequency on the species was observed in southern aspects of the investigated area. 2- the maximum vitality and regeneration were recognized in northern and north-eastern aspects of the area. 3- the maximum frequency were observed in altitudes 1500-2000 meters above sea level. 4- Soil of the area was non salty( EC= 0,4 _ 1,7 ppm), pH= 7,6 _ ٨٫٢ with light to intermediate texture. The result of this research show that the north an east aspects and valley as well as altitudes classes of 1500-2000 meter sea level, prepare the more suitable habitats for amygdalus scoparia. The presence of this species in humid environments also has highes corrolation with frequency of sand, clay, K and pH. Whereas in warm environment it has highes correlation with organic cabon, N and lime.

Determination of physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics and types of Markazi province sand dunes  [2009]

   

Farmahini Farahani, Ali

Abstract:
The information and sedimentation of sand dunes is one of the characteristics of arid and semi-arid areas. These sediments cover %6 of terrestrial areas and %20 of all arid areas of the world. Recognition of the boundaries and characteristics of these areas is fundamental for researches which are based on their origin of formation and fixation. In this research, first of all, the boundaries of sand dunes of Markazi province and their types were determined. Topographic types was discriminate in 9 forms including Barchan, Parabolic duns, Nebka, Seif, Silk,_ on the basis of national proposal. Then several sand samples were taken from these areas and their physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics such as granular, PH, EC, texture, lime and gatch percent, form and structure of grains studied. On the basis of this investigation, the total area of sand dunes in Markazi province is 780ha which is distributed in Meyghan playa of Arak with 441 ha and around the Mamuniyeh township with 339 ha. Sand dunes of Meyghan playa of Arak are in the form of Nebka and Seif, and EC of 5.6 to 42.5 ds/m , PH equal 8 to 8.7 with irregular, circle and polished granular structure without specific lightly in 0.25 to 0.5 diameter is characteristics. Sand dunes of Mamuniyeh township are in the form of Nebka, and EC equal to 5.3, PH equal to 7.9, with irregular, circle, turbid and polished granular in 0.25 to 0.5 diameter is characteristics.

Ministery of Jahad-e-Agriculture Agriculture Research and Education Organisation Plant Pest and Diseases Research Institute  [2004]

   

Kamran, Reza
Hasani Nezhad, Abbas
Majidiyeh Qasemi, Shahrokh
Farzaneh, Ahmad
Amraei, Vahed
Mahvi Kohan, Farahnaz
Shadkam, Qasem
Kalhor, Manuchehr
Dalvand, Bahman
Shekariyan, Bahram
Nazeriyan, I`sa
Zeynanlu, Asghar
Mo`ieni, Mohammad Rahim
Mohseni, Abd Ol - rahim
Takasei, Mohammad

Abstract:
In order to ascertain the role of biotic and abiotic agents in drying of rooted cuttings and olive seedlings sampling was done from nurseries located in Zanjan, Fars , Lorestan, Ghom, Markazi, Ghazveen and Tehran Provinces and were transferred to laboratory for further studies. Rhizoctonia sp. and Macrophomina sp. were isolated from roots of cuttings and seedlings showing drying symptoms whereas Verticillium dahliae was recovered from twig tips of young trees from Daryoon, Quar, Sarvestan, Sarmashad Kazeron and Niroogah Gazi Kazeron and their pathogenecity were approved under artificial inoculation condition. The fungi Verticillium sp. , Fusarium sp. and Phytophthora sp. were isolated from young trees in Lorestan Province showing symptoms and Fusarium sp. and Alternaria sp. were isolated from infested cuttings. In Zanjan Provience Stemphilium sp., Rhizoctonia sp. and Curvularia sp. were isolated from infested olive seedlings. Among insect pests , Saissetia oleae causes considerable growth reduction of olive seedlings in Zanjan Province and on the other hand , Eryophid mites causes leaf deformation and in a survey it was observed that 90% of seedlings were infested by this pest. Leafhoppers of Flatidae family were found in abundant on twigs of young olive trees in Lorestan Province and it seems that olive has become a suitable host for it. The most important plant parasitic nematode isolated from olive nursery beds and seedlings was the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne spp.

Effects of selenium and iodine supplementation on sheep performance in Markazi province, Iran.

2008

Talebiyan Mas`udi, A`li Reza; Faza`eli, Hassan; Bahadori, Sirus; Naderi Niya, Homayun; Ebrahimi, Keyvan

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In this study, three sheep flock were selected in three different areus of Markazi Provience in Iran where selenium (Se) and Iodid (I) status was studied in the selected livestocks. In each flock, 120 ews were divided in four groups where three of them used as treatment (TSe ,TI and TSe+I ) and one as contral (C). Ews in TSe, TI and TSe+I resieved Se, I and Se+I supplement respectively, where the C did not resive any supplement. Results showed that, glutation-peroxidase enzyme (GSH-Px) activity as well as the I status were significantly (P0.05) different anong the flocks, where the highest amount (102.2) of the enzyme found in Arak but the lowest (46.3) amount in Shazand flock. The highest urinary concentration of I was detected in Khomain flock (39.0 mg/L), fallowed by Arak flock (35.9 mg/L) but lowest amount (24.7 mg/L) found in Shazand flock. There were significantly (P0.05) differences between the years for GSH-Px activity and urinary I concentration in the ews but the seasond variation was limited only in Arak flock. Injection of Se+E significantly (P0.05) increused GSH-Px activity. Iodid supplementation resulted a significantly (P0.05) higher urine I content. Utilization of supplements affected reprodutive performance of ews positively, however no similar status was found in all flock.

Evaluation of elite wheat lines in on-farm condition in Markazi province.‎

2006

Babaei, Tagi; Zamani, Salim; Pormatin, Rashin; Mashayek, Abdol Reza; Beheshtinejad, Hamid Reza; Mirzaei, Farzad; Mohtat, Abas; Golami, Heshmatola

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In order to achive the new variety of winter or facultative bread wheat (triticum aestivum) with high yield potential and stability, five varieties and lines were studied in fanners field in rural regional around of Arak (Markazi province) during 2004-2005. Experiment was conducted RCBD with 3 replications, Varieties / lines were C-80-6 , C-81- 11, C-81-14, C-78-14 and Shahiyar. Analysis of variance showed significant different among Varieties (a = 5%). Mean, comparison of yield among genotypes using Duncan test revealed that genotype C-80-6 had the highest yield with yield of 6816 kg/ha and it was in A class. The C-80-6, C-78-14 didn't have significant different. Both of genotypes had the highest thousand kernel weight (TKW) and were earlier in maturity than another. Key words: Wheat, Yield , Variety comparison. On- farm

Investigation and Determination of Depth- Area – Duration Ruinfall in Markazi province watershed  [2004]

   

Agharazi, Heshmatolloh

Abstract:
Drowing Depth- Area- Duration (DAD) curve in any region Can be useful for estimation of percipitation. Preparetion of DAD is important in designing water plans resources projects . This research has been performed for Markazi province and its near regions. Total area of the province is 2940000 hectare. The area contains 59 rain guage and one synoptic statio. Rain fall of these stations were collected from 1344 to 1376 persian calendor. Length of statistic period were identified and precipitation have been noted with 30 years time base. 60 number of 24 hours precipitation have been noted. and were compared compared with collected data from 59 other stations in order to obtain exhustive rain storm. At least 10 number of 24 hour exhustive were chosen and cumulative precipitation graph was draw which the graphs of 12, 6, 3 hours were extracted. As a result 40 rainfall for 4 time base of 24, 12, 6, 3 hours were obtained. Gradiant equation of each precipiration was prepared using the relation of elevation and precipitation. Topographic map of province were digitized using Ilwis 2.2 GIS program package. Gradiant equation of each precipitation were entered to GIS in order to obtain isoohytal. Some parameters including increased area, net precipitation, cumulative precipitation and the average of maximum precipitation for each precipitation have been identified.

Morpho- climatic classification of gullies in Markazi Province  [2005]

   

Davudirad, Ali Akbar
Sufi, Majid
Najimi, Abolfazl
Ebrahimi, Naderqoli
Azimi, Rahmat

Abstract:
One of the main erosion features is the gully erosion that causes cosiderable soil losses from agricultural lands. Befor planing for any control practices, it is necessary to recognize their mechanism. This research carried out in order to recognizing gully erosion importance and zonation in Markazi province. In this research the spatial distribution gully regions of the province by using air photograph were recognized. Then by overlaying the climate map (based on developed de-martin method), the distribution of gully erosion in each climate region obtained. About 95 persent of gully region are in 4 climate regions and in each climatic region two key regions cousidered and the reperesentative gully and two replicats selected. Then the morphometric, soil and morphologic charactristics of each gully determined. The results show that the area of the gully erosions in the arid climate regions (i.e. the area of Robattork and Pikezarand is respectively 1060.2 and 1134.7 ha) of province is grether than the humid regions (i.e. the area of Zahiraba and Darband is respectively 451.96 and 141.03 ha) . Also the length and depth of the gully erosion in arid climate region is grether, ofcourse the the amount of the rainfall in the arid region is low and soil structure is weak, also the amount of EC, ESP, SAR and alkalinty are in high level. This condition, in addition to the human impact causes that soil to be much more susceptible to the erosion (etc.

Collection , recognition and evaluation of Iris and Gladiolus Germplasm in Iran for use and conservation.  [2008]

   

Beyrami Zadeh, Ebrahim
Kiyani, Mohammad Reza
Dad Far, Sa`id
Safaei, Homa
Mir Akhori, A`bbas
Qanavati, Farangis
Safari, Akram
Talebi, Hamid
Ma`rufi, Hossein
Taheri, Abbas
Fathi Hafshejani, Asad Ol-Lah
A`bbasi, Kamal Al-Din
Kazerani, Narjes
Manuchehri, Homa
Khaki Zadeh, Gholam Reza
Kan`ani, Rasul
Hassan Zadeh, A`bd Ol-Lah
A`li Tabar, Ramazan A`li

Abstract:
In order to collection ,identify and evaluation of Iris and Gladiolus germ plasm, for germplasm conserving by alive collection this study carried out from 2003to 2007. Collection based on IPGRI's instruction and with using map distribution and the area that mentioned in flora and herbarium's samples that were in the research institute and universities, was done. In this study in the different area of Iran provinces 16 Iris species ( Iris iberica , I. germanica , I. spuria , I. meda , I. barnumae , I. acutiloba , I. paradoxa , , I .imbricata , I. reticulata , I. songarica , I. kopetdaghensis , I. pseudocaucasica , I. aucheri , I. fosteriana , gynandriris sisyrinchium), and 2 species of Gladiolus ( Gladiolus italicus , G. atroviolaceus) have been collected. Primary evaluations has done in original site of grows and for watchful studying was created herbarium sampling. These alive samples conserving in collection of project in National Ornamental Plants Research Center of Mahallat-Iran. For genetic diversity evaluating and species adaptation, with geographical and evaluation information a database bank for further studying created.

Evaluation of resistance of some rose clones against powdery mildew,Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae

2007

Bayat, Hossein; Edrisi , Behzad; Sadeghi, Sadegh; Talebi, Hamid; Azimi, Mohammad hossein

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Rose is one of the most important ornamental plants in Markazi province that its area culture is more than 66 ha and Mahallat is most important center of rose production in this province. Powdery mildew is the most common diseases of rose that in the case of severe damage reduce quality and salability of plants. In an Investigation for resistance evaluation of different clones of rose against powdery mildew causal fungus, Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae, in Mahallat region at 2002-2005, in first year, 30 clones were selected visually to find resistance against powdery mildew from commercial greenhouses and rose collection of the national ornamental plants research station of Mahallat. After screening, at 2003, 24 clones were selected for experiment. Experiment was carried out at two successive years in glasshouse with rooted cutting of rose clones in plastic pots in randomized complete block design with three replications. Top leaflets of fourth leave of Ilona cultivar as a susceptible rose inoculated artificially for its culture was used from against powdery mildew. Conidial suspension was provided in 1.5× 10 5 conidium/ ml concentration with Tween-20 (0.1%). Suitable environmental condition was provided for occurrence of diseases in glasshouse. Disease assessment was made two week after inoculation using rating scale 0-5(0= not infection and 5= 76-100% infection). In first year result showed that four clones, C-20, C-22, C-1 and C-6 were resistant and clone C-20 was the most resistant clones. The clones C-7, C-8, C-4, C-24, C-10, C-15, and C-2 were susceptible and other clones were moderate susceptible. Second year results have not significant different with first year results. Comparison of clones in two successive years showed that three clones C-20, C-22 and C-1 were most resistant clones against disease and clones: C-7, C-8, C-4, C-24, C-10 and C-2 were not resistance against disease. Regards to both years results C-20 was introduced as most resistant clone. Resistant clones can be used in breeding programs with others clones or cultivars of rose.

Study of difficults and straits in Milk reductional Industries in Markazi province.  [1997]

   

Gasemi, Hamid Reza
Najafi, Mojtaba
Ahmadi, Mohammad Reza

Abstract:
In purpose survey of difficults and harriers of milk reductional industries and milk productions in marka. province, i.v studied trend of production, distribution and consumption of milk and related productions as a systematic flow. The frame work of this system is aimed milk reductional industries work shapes and on the base w requested process of producing milk different-, production. In this proposal is designed four questionaires then is distributed. First questionaire for cow-keepings as supply ers and maniifactuers of row materials, in purpose determining difficults in stage of provide of row materials, second for work-shopes of reductional industries as manufacurers of milk production and processor of milk, firth for sellers of productions as distributers of milk productions, and fourth for consumers as final segment of economy process of milk and related production. The raising results is showed that use uncompletley capecity of cow-keepings and being industries in the provience unable to attract produced milk. fn other hand, the cow @ keeping have not sufficient desire to produce milk, because is down price of buy of milk. Difficults of reductional industries are: difficults in stage of input, processing, after of output and in stage of development. These industries in each of four stage are faced to some difficults. Many sector of need productions for the province to give from triditional meaiifacturesrs, because capacity of these workshopes is very down.

The effect of different sources of nitrogen on bean root rot disease

2010

Lak, Mohammad reza; Khodshenas, Mohammad Ali; Afshari, Mitra; Ghadbekloo, Javad; Morad Abadi, Gholam Reza

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Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has important role in diet because of high protein and carbohydrate and cultivate in many regions of Markazi province. Fusarium root rot disease is one of the most important soil born diseases of bean caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli. Control of this disease is difficult. The management of nitrogen fertilizer application is effective on fusarium root rot severity. Low information about this subject was reason for studying the effect of different sources of nitrogen on fusarium root rot of Chitti bean line G14988. The treatments were three rhizobium strains(116, 134 and 156), urea, sulfur coated urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate,biosobtile, and control. The experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications in a field with history of damage from fusarium root rot of bean in Khomein Bean Research Station.The combined analysis of variation showed that the effect of treatments on disease severity at flowering stage, nitrogen uptake of seed, and number of seed per pod (at P0.05) and dry matter at harvest stage,100seed weight and pod per plant (at P0.01) were related to years effect.The means comparison of treatments showed that control was maximum disease severity while 156 rhizobium strain was minimum at both stages of sampling. Fertilizer treatments had no significant difference on disease severity.116 rhizobium strain and control treatments showed maximum and minimum of dry matter at harvest stage were , respectively, but treatments had not significant difference on this parameter. Ammonium nitrate induced greater effect compared with other fertilizers on dry matter parameter at flowering and harvesting stages. Maximum and minimum of seed yield resulted from ammonium nitrate (3013 kg/ha) and control (2490 kg/ha), respectively. Ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate produced seed yield higher than rhizobium strains, although had not significant difference. Maximum of nitrogen uptake obtained from 156 rhizobium strain.

Revision on research Orietations of Markazi research center.  [2004]

   

Borji, Mohsen
Samadi, Mohsen

Abstract:
A Study was done in ordere to reviewing research interests in different departments of the Markazi Research Center. For this porpose, firstly, previoous reaserch activities and - related-topics, in. each. f Animal Resources and Watershed science, Vetererinary, Natural Managmnef departments- ---@ were gathered and classified by using reserachers engagaged in each sections. Finally based on some indicators such as climate, human resources, facilities and universities in province some area were considered as center tendency.

Investigation and selection on Kamareh-E-Khomein white onion population.‎

2004

Abbasifar, Ahmad Reza; Shikhi, Mosleme

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Fresh Onion (Allium Cepa L. ), Classified to the Alliaceae, is one of the most important vegetable in the world and is cultivated in many parts of Iran including MarKazi Province , Khomein the aim of this study was collection and Purity Fresh onion of Local Population of Khomein and to study the characteristics of it. The seeds of 20 fresh Onion local population collected from various regions of Khomein in 1995. The seeds was planted in the next year separated, and Morphological characters of them was studied The best morphotype selected among the various morphotypes after harvesting. In addition of free pollination amoag selected populations in the next year, obligate self pollination via enveloping the Flowers was garied out. During 1997-2001, Non- types of selected Fresh Onion were omitted, the populations tolerated to thrips, early, adaptated to climate suitable storage. Mono ... And morphologicaly ..... Selected, and finaly the local popuiation ofkhomein as the best morphotype was obtained.

Study on root and crown rot pathogenic soil borne fungi of barley in different province.

2005

Pur Mansuri, Tahereh; Ja`fari, Hossein; Arjomandiyan, Amir; Forutan, A`bd Ol-Reza; Yunesi, Hassan; Esma`il Zadeh, Ali Reza; Qalandar, Mojtaba; Rahbari, Batul; Ja`fari, Vali Ol-Lah; Mobaraki, Daryush; Ershad, Ja`far

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During operating this propozal the fields of barley in different provinces were survived .Samples of plants which had disease symptom were collected and examined for infection.The results are as follows: In Markazi province these fungi Fusariumspp,Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici ,Drechslera sorokiniana,Embllisia chlamidospora,Rhizoctonia solani were identified as acausual agents of root and crown rot of barley.In Hamedan Fusarium spp Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici Rhizoctonia spp Pythium spp Bipolaris spp Drechslera spp ,in Zanjan Rhizoctonia solani &lsquoFusarium culmorum and 9 species of Fusarium sp were identified.Only the pathogenecity of Rhizoctonia solani is tested.In Kermanshah province the fungi Bipolaris sorokiniana , B. cynodontis. Rizoctonia cerealis , R. solani , Pythium ultimum ,Phoma glomerata , Fusarium oxysporum , F. nygamai , F. culmurum , Fusarium solani , F. avenaceum, F. compactum , F. equiseti were identified and in Mazandaran Fusarium graminearu was more than the others.All the inoculated fungi except Alternaria &lsquoPythium &lsquoF. oxysporum and Cladosporium were pathogenic. Fusarium graminearum was the most frequent one.In Yazd ,Rhizoctonia solsni, Pythium sp , F.culmorum , Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium spp were isolated as the pathogenic fungi of root and crown rot of barley.In Tehran province these fungi Helminthosporium sativum , Fusarium culmorum , F. scirpe , F.equiseti , F. acuminatum , Rhizoctonia solani were identified as casual agent of root and crown rot of barley.

 

Investigations on the fauna of cicadas (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae) of region 3 and 4 (West and East Azarbayejan, Ardebil, Zanjan, Kordestan, Hamedan, Kermanshah, Ilam, Lorestan and some parts of Markazi and Ghavin provinces)  [2008]

   

Mozaffariyan, Fariba
Haj Esmaeiliyan, Abu Al-Fazl
Ne`matiyan, Mohammad Reza
Parsi, Farzaneh

Abstract:
Cicadas are rather large insects which are mainly famed for their loud song in the warmest days of the year and some of them have economic importance. In current research, specimens which were collected from 10 provinces in North West and West of Iran (Azarbaijan-e Gharbi, Azarbaijan-e Sharghi, Ardebil, Zanjan, Kordestan, Hamedan, Kermanshah, Ilam, Lorestan, Markazi and Gahzvin) during 2005 and 2007 or earlier were studied. After identifying specimens, 30 characters were chosen and tested on all specimens to generate an identification key and then distribution maps for any species in studied area were submitted. The presence of at least seven genera and 18 species were recorded as follow: Chloropsalta smaragdula Haupt, 1920 Chloropsalta sp. 1 Cicada orni Linnaeus, 1758 Cicadatra alhageos (Kolenati, 1857) Cicadatra flava (Dlabola, 1970) Cicadatra hyalina (Fabricius, 1798) Cicadatra persica Kirkaldy, 1909 Cicadatra querula (Pallas, 1773) Cicadatra ramanensis Linnavuori, 1962 Cicadatra vulcania Dlabola et Heller, 1962 Cicadatra sp. 1 Cicadatra sp. 2 Cicadatra sp. 3 Cicadetta tibialis (Panzer, 1788) Cicadetta sp. 1 Melampsalta caspica Kolenati, 1857 Pagiophora annulata (Brulle, 1832) Tibicen plebejus (Scopoli, 1763) Identifying 5 of the species which may be new to science needs more investigations.

Determination of the effective factors on sheep and goat fattening units' in seven states of Iran.  [2009]

   

Kiyan Zad, Mohammad Reza
Mon`em, Manuchehr
Sar Haddi, Fath Ol-Lah
Qorbani, Mohammad
Papi, Nader
Rahimi Sureh, Samad
Eqbaleh, Abu Al-Qasem

Abstract:
In order to investigate management of traditional, industrial and semi industrial sheepfeedlot units in seven state of IranKhorasan, Fars, Yazd, Hamedan, Markazi, Kerman shah, and Kurdistan studied. To estimate their production function (PF) and efficiency (E), 1144 active units were studied by completing questionnaires. The 194 active units were studied by direct control from 2002 to 2005. In each unit dietary and body weight changes of selected lambs and chemical compositions of feedstuff were measured. After data setting, descriptive parameters of quantitative and qualitative traits were computed. To compare means, non parametric tests (Chi-square and Kolmogorov– Smirnov tests) and parametric tests (paired–samples and independent– samples T tests) were used. Production function was estimated by using Cobb–Douglas model and efficiency was calculated by using deterministic production frontier and COLS method. In this survey meat production was affected by herd size, feeding and labor inputs. Fars province had 3,3% (lowest) and Kordestan had 47,7% (highest) percentage of industrial units. Ninety-six percent of feedlot units in the reviewed provinces were individually possession. The graduating position of feedlots managers were 28% unlettered, 22,8% having reading and writing ability, 9,9% diploma and less than 2% graduated in all provinces. Age average of most feedlots managers was 50 ± 0,38 years.

Application Of Plants As The Index For Categorizing Of Climatic Classes

2007

By: Farmahini Farahani, A.,; Mahdavi, M.,

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Some of the plants in the nature always distribute in the specific region and could rarely be observed in other climates. These plants can be used as the index for recognizing and categorizing of climates. In this research at first the climate of Markazi province were classified by using the methods of Koppen, Stenze, Emberge, Thornth waite (1948 and 1933), adjusted Demarton and Gorszinsky. For this purpose the 20 years climate data were collected and dependency relationships of climate factors with elevation were determined. In order to relocating obtained relationship in climate equations as well as establishing the classified system. In next step, were recognize the key plant species in the area. With study of 550 key plant species, 54 plant sp. were recognized as a climatic discriminates. After that the comparison of plant discriminate of climate and climatic classes of classification systems for each plant carried out. For this purpose, the methods of census correct observation and scoring them according to their importance were applied. The results showed that the obtained climatic classes of adjusted Demarton, Thornth weite, Emberge were respectively more precise than other systems in the study area. Finally the results were examined using the none-parametric test of Man-Vitni. On the basis of this analysis, significant differences also were observed between the treatments.

Identification of poplar bacterial and fungal pathogens in Guilan province.

2006

Sadeqi, Ebrahim; Ali Zadeh Ali Abadi, Ali; Jami, Fahimeh; Arefi Pour, Mohammad Reza; Khoda Parast, Akbar

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In this research bacterial and fungal pathogens of poplar were studied. For this aim, different poplar clones were visited in Guilan (research center of agriculture and natural resours of Guilan, safrabaste research satation, Astane, ziabaran and lakan road). The fungi Marsonina catagnei (Desm & Mont.) Magn. ، Cytospora chrysosperma (Pers.: Fr.) Fr., Ulocladium atrum Precuss., Papularia sp., Pestalotiopsis populi-nigra, Alternaria alternate, Melampsora larici-populina were isolated. Pathogenecity test of fungi isolates (Ulocladium atrum Precuss., Papularia sp., Pestalotiopsis populi-nigra, Alternaria alternate ) were executed on leaves of poplar that the result was positive. The fungi Pestalotiopsis populi-nigra and Ulocladium atrum were isolated for the first time on poplar trees in Iran. Any symptom of canker did not observe on poplars of Guilan. The samples were collected from cankers on 1-2 years old branches and trunks in Zanjan, Markazi, West Azarbayjan, Kermanshah and Hamadan provinces and their extract was cultured on YDC medium. Bacterial colonies isolated of samples taken from Markazi and Zanjan provinces were yellow on YDC and mucoid on SNA medium. All isolates of these two provinces, showed hypersensitive reaction on pepper and tobacco leaves. They were aerobic and gram negative. Biochemical tests showed that the isolates were positive with respect to catalase, DNase function, gelatin and Tween-80 hydrolysis and negative to H2S production, Argenin dehydrolysis, urease and tolerance of NaCl 7%. They showed different reactions in reduction nitrate and hydrolyze starch. All isolates utilized sucrose, inositol, trehalose, rafinose and galactose but reaction of isolates in utilization of L-arabinose, lactose, D-surbitol, L-ramnose and citrate were different. According to these characteristics, the isolates were diagnosed as X. popluli. Pathogenecity test of bacterial isolates were executed on shoots of poplar that the result was positive. All cankers on trunks of poplar trees of Markazi province were counted and their infection percentage was calculated. Highest infection was observed in clones, Populus nigra 72/14, P.n 56/52, P.n 56/21, P.n 72/13, P.n 56/63 and lowest infection was on P.alba 44/9, P.a 49/39, P.a 17/6 and P.betul. X. popluli has not been isolated so far on P.a 72/7. This bacterium has not been isolated also from different poplar clones in West Azarbayjan, Kermanshah and Hamadan provinces.

Study on some feed legumes and barley mix-cropping in dryland conditions.

2009

A`li Zadeh Dizaj, Khoshnud; Lame`i, Javad; Dorry, Mohammad A`li; Bahrami, Sar Had; Sohrabi, Akbar; Bafandeh, Afshin; Tahmasebi, Gholam Reza; Sha`bani, A`li Akbar

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This investigation was conducted to study the performance of mix cropping of some feed legumes with barley as autumn seeding in dryland conditions of East- Azarbaijan, Zanjan, Golestan (two locations), Kurdestan, Markazi, Ilam and Kermanshah provinces. Seeds of poromised lines of Hungarian vetch, hairy vetch, grass pea and forage pea were mixed with barley (cv. Abidar) at 1:1 ratio. The research site was prepared by chisel in the last summer and seeding was in the mid- October after replacement of appropriate fertilizer from N and P sources in each area. All statistical analyses on plant height, wet and dry forage yield were conducted using SPSS software. Results in East-Azarbaijan showed that mixture of barley with Hungarian vetch was superior regarding both wet and dry forage yield. The barleyhairy vetch mixture in terms of wet forage and barley-Hungarian vetch in terms of dry forage were the best treatments in the first location of Golestan (Aliabad). However, in the second location (Anbaralum) mix-cropping of hairy vetch with barley produced the maximum wet (56 t/ha) and dry (15 t/ha) forage yield. Quality testing showed that barley-hairy vetch mixture had the most protein percent (15%) and the most energy (3500). It is concluded that autumn seeding of feed legumes with barley in 1:1 ratio produced considerable forage in terms of quantity as well as quality which could be suitable alternative for fallow after wheat/barley in cold and semi-cold drylands.

A faunistic survay of ornamental thysan optera in green houses in tehran,markazi and mazandaram proviness.  [2004]

   

Gilasian, Ebrahim

Abstract:
During the faunistic study of green house Thysanoptera in Tehran, Markazi and Mazandaran provinces from 1381 to 1382 ,16 species from Thripidae,Aeolothripidae and Phlaeothripidae were collected and most of the species belonged to Terebrantia .genus Thrips with five species had the most diversity and Thrips tabaci were collected in all greenhouses in this project. The collected species according to their subfamilies and families are listed as follows: A: suborder: Tubulifera Family: Phlaeothripidae 1-Hoplandrothrips bidens Bagnall,1910 2- Haplothrips reuteri (Karney,1977) B: suborder: Terebrantia Family: Aeolothripdae 1-Aeolothrips intermedius Bagnall,1910 2- Aeolothrips fasciatus Bagnall, 1936 Family Thripidae 1- Scolothrips longicornis Priesner,1926 2-Microcephalothrips abdominalis Crawford,1910 3- Thrips physapus Linnaeus,1758 4- Thrips atratus Haliday,1836 5- Thrips meridionalis Priesner,1926 6 – Thrips majorUzel,1895 7-Thrips tabaci Lindeman,1888 8- Frankliniella schultzei Trybom,1910 9- F. intonsa Trybom ,1895 10-F.tenuicornis Uzel,1895 11- Tenothrips discolor Karny,1907 12- Tenothrips frici Uzel,1895

Evaluation Of Russian Wheat Aphid Resistance In Different Cultivars And Advanced Lines Of Wheat

2004

Ne`mat Ol-Lahi, Mohammad Reza; Qandi, Akbar; Yusefi, Mazaher; Hafshejani, Asad Ol-Lah; Khani Zadeh, A`bbas; Ruhi, Ebrahim; Shekariyan, Bahram; Bahari,

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Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), is a serious pest of small grains in the world. Chemical control of the pest is diffecult, however, host plant resistance is an environmental-friendly and economic method. To evaluate resistance to RWA in different wheat cultivars and advanced lines, an experiment was conducted in several regions. Experimental field was comprised of two similar parts, one of them (check) was sprayed two times with Metosystox at the rate of 1.5 per thousand, and the other one was sprayed simutaneously with water. Reared aphids from colonies were evenly distributed in the part one. By weekly inspection, 4 palnts were clipped from each plot, and then in the labratoary number of aphids (adults and nymphs), and damage rate were recorded. Yield and yield components were measured for sprayed and unsprayed parts. Resistance components were evaluated and plant resistance index (PRI) was calculated. Results of different locations were as follow: Esfahan province: Cultivars and lines of M-75-7 and Mahdavi had the lowest resistance rate, and M-73-18, M-73-4, and M-78-7 had the highest rate among 15 cultivars and lines. There was a significant difference for total yield (straw+ grain) between sprayed and unsprayed parts. Similar results were obtianed in resistance componets experiments, so that M-73-4 and M-73-18 had the highest and Mahdavi had the lowest PRIs. Markazi province: The lowest rate of resistance belonged to Shotordandan, and the highest rate belonged to Ghods and M-73-4, with significant difference with other lines and cultivars. There was no significant difference for yield and thoasand kernel weight between sprayed and unsprayed parts. Kordestan province: Among 11 lines and cultivars, Alvand had the highest rate, and Azar 2, Sabalan, and M-75-7 had the lowest rate of resistance. Sprayed and unsprayed parts were differend significantly for thousand kernel weight. In general, results showed that favarable resistance sources were found among cultivars and advanced lines of wheat, which could be used in plant breeding programs against RWA.

Comparing the efficiency of distance and quadrate indices in determining Artemisia sieberi and Astragalus ammodendron distribution pattern in Markazi province

2012

Zare Chahouki, M.A., Associate Prof., Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj; Mohebbi, Z., MSc. Graduate, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj; Tavili, A., Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj; Jafari, M., Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj; Fahimipour, A.

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This research compares the indices efficiency of Artemisia sieberi and Astragalus ammodendron distribution pattern in Markazi province. In the key area of each site 4 transects (100m) were established based on random- systematic sampling method. Vegetation sampling was performed along each of transects in 15 selected points. Distance indices included Johnson and Zimer, Eberhart, Pielou, Hopkines and Holgate were used in each point. The distance of understudy plants to nearest plant, distance among selected plant and its nearest neighbor, and distance between the point and the second plant was measured. Quadrate indices included Green, Lioyd, Morisita and Standardized Index of Morisita. In all 15 points, density parameter of selected species was estimated. Results showed A. sieberi distribution pattern has equally and, A. ammodendron has random with a tendency toward clumped pattern. The More was in equality of the species, the more in converging of distance and quadrate indices. However the accuracy of distance methods was more than quadrate methods. Generally, those vegetation types that distributed clumped pattern showed less efficient quadrate indices due to the problems of number, area and shape of quadrates. So, quadrate indices show higher tendency to random pattern.

Rangeland Assessment Program in different Climatic in Markazi Province.  [2007]

   

Mir Davudi, Hamid Reza
Zahedi Pur, Hojjat Ol-Lah
Torkan, Javad
Nasr Ol-Lahi, Abu Al-Fazl

Abstract:
Due to prepare update and regular data bank from rangelands in different climatic area in order to inform the peoples and governmental organization, the trend of changes, regular and continues inventory of rangeland area. For this reason, with the use of available data, the dominant vegetation types in step vegetation of Markazi province were determined. So first of all in each vegetation types 1 sampling site were selected. The data related to plant vegetation (such as crown cover, density, plant composition, forage production and vigor) and condition of soil surface were recorded, along 4 transect of 400m in 60 2m2 plots during 10 years in range readiness time. The location of plants in each transect were fixed and its geographic coordinates were recorded with GPS. Data analysis show that in majority of rangeland area, the vegetation cover and production and the palatable forage plants is Low in number and percentage and the components of vegetation and product forage dominated with the intermediate to unpalatable species (2 an 3 palatability classes) . The results show that there is positive regression between the amount of vegetation cover and rainfall with significant differences at 0,05 level. Also there is significant differences between production and the amount of speicies cover. The most important factors on vegetation changes of study area is the change of area rainfall.

Rangeland Assessment Program in different Climatic in Markazi Province.  [2007]

   

Mir Davudi, Hamid Reza
Zahedi Pur, Hojjat Ol-Lah
Torkan, Javad
Nasr Ol-Lahi, Abu Al-Fazl

Abstract:
Due to prepare update and regular data bank from rangelands in different climatic area in order to inform the peoples and governmental organization, the trend of changes, regular and continues inventory of rangeland area. For this reason, with the use of available data, the dominant vegetation types in step vegetation of Markazi province were determined. So first of all in each vegetation types 1 sampling site were selected. The data related to plant vegetation (such as crown cover, density, plant composition, forage production and vigor) and condition of soil surface were recorded, along 4 transect of 400m in 60 2m2 plots during 10 years in range readiness time. The location of plants in each transect were fixed and its geographic coordinates were recorded with GPS. Data analysis show that in majority of rangeland area, the vegetation cover and production and the palatable forage plants is Low in number and percentage and the components of vegetation and product forage dominated with the intermediate to unpalatable species (2 an 3 palatability classes) . The results show that there is positive regression between the amount of vegetation cover and rainfall with significant differences at 0,05 level. Also there is significant differences between production and the amount of speicies cover. The most important factors on vegetation changes of study area is the change of area rainfall.

Rangeland Assessment Program in different Climatic in Markazi Province.

2007

Arzani, Hossein; Mir Davudi, Hamid Reza; Zahedi Pur, Hojjat Ol-Lah; Torkan, Javad; Nasr Ol-Lahi, Abu Al-Fazl

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Due to prepare update and regular data bank from rangelands in different climatic area in order to inform the peoples and governmental organization, the trend of changes, regular and continues inventory of rangeland area. For this reason, with the use of available data, the dominant vegetation types in step vegetation of Markazi province were determined. So first of all in each vegetation types 1 sampling site were selected. The data related to plant vegetation (such as crown cover, density, plant composition, forage production and vigor) and condition of soil surface were recorded, along 4 transect of 400m in 60 2m2 plots during 10 years in range readiness time. The location of plants in each transect were fixed and its geographic coordinates were recorded with GPS. Data analysis show that in majority of rangeland area, the vegetation cover and production and the palatable forage plants is Low in number and percentage and the components of vegetation and product forage dominated with the intermediate to unpalatable species (2 an 3 palatability classes) . The results show that there is positive regression between the amount of vegetation cover and rainfall with significant differences at 0,05 level. Also there is significant differences between production and the amount of speicies cover. The most important factors on vegetation changes of study area is the change of area rainfall. Rangeland and of study area, is fair and it is necessary to have a proper management for reclamation of such an area. The results of remot sensing show that it is possible to inventory of rangeland in limited level and estimation of dominant cover of soil surface is also possible but the crown cover of plant with low percentage could not be estimated properly in this area.

Host range Studies of tospoviruses isolated from ornamentals in Markazi (Mahallat) province

2003

Ghotbi, Tabassom; Shahraeen, Nooh, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Division; Bayat, Hossein

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During the year 2000-2002 Survey different samples of ornamental plants and flowering weeds were collected mostly from main ornamental growing region of Iran (Markazi province: Mahallat) and tested againt 5 tospoviruses species. Using specific antisera prepared against nucleoprotein of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV), tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV), iris yellow spot virus (IYSV), and a newly proposed tospovirus species isolated from tomatoes which tentatively named tomato Vatamin Virus (ToVV) in serological test enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer containing %0.15, 2-mercaptoethanol for inoculating on indicator hosts such as: Cowpea (vigna uniguiculata), Datura metel, Datura stramonium, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana rustica, N.tabacum cv. White Barly and Chenopodium amaranticolor. Cowpea and Chenopodium produced local necrotic symptoms after 5 days post inoculation and White Burly, rustica preceed by systemic mosaic and D.metel, D.stramonium by systemic necrotic after 20 days. Viruses detected and identified using indicator plants (Biologicaly) and applying serological test. Triple antibody sandwich ELISA (TAS-ELISA) test was applied for TSWV and INSV and DAS-ELISA for ToVV, IYSV, TCSV the species found infected with INSV were Althea Spp., Canna Hortensis, Cheiranthus Cheri, Chrysanthemum Morifulium, Chrysanthemum Prutescence, Cinerea Spp, Dianthus Spp, Ficus Benjaminae, Gazania Spp., Pelargonium Hortorum, Rosa Spp., Sainpaulia Ioantha, Salvia Spp., And Chenopodium Spp., Malva Neglecta, Lavandula Spp. As Weeds. Althea Spp., Calendula Spp., Canna Hortensis, Chrysanthemum Morifulium, Chrysanthemum Prutescence, Cinerea Spp., Cordial Crenata, Dianthus Spp., Gazania Spp., Jasminum Spp., Linda Spp., Loniceri Caprifolium, Monihot Sculenta, Oenother Bienis, Pelargonium Hortorum, Petunia Spp., Pelargonium Odoratissimum, Rosa Spp., Rudbekia Spp., Sainpaulia Ioantha, Salvia Spp., Tagetis Spp., Tropaeo Majus, Verbena Spp., And Chenopodium Spp., as weed were infected by TSWV. Anthissimum Spp., Calendula Spp., Chrysanthemum Morifulium, Cinerea Spp., Dianthus Spp., Ficus Benjamin, Gazania Spp., Gompherena Globosa, Jasminum Spp., Linda Spp., Loniceri Caprifolium, Magnolia Spp., Pelargonium Hortorum, Pelargonium Odoratissimum, Rosa Spp., Sainpaula Ioantha, Tagetis Spp., Tropaeo Majus, And Malva Neglecta, Lactuca Caulata, Amaranthus Spp., as weeds were infected by IYSV. None of the samples were infected by TCSV. Of these samples Canna Hortensis, Rosa Spp., Chrysanyhemum Prutescence and chenopodium were mixed (dually) infected by TSWV. INSV. Calandula Spp., Jasminum Spp., Linda Spp., Loniceri Caprifolium, Chrysanthemum Morifulium, Dianthus Spp., And Tropaeo Majus, were mixed infection by TSWV and ToVV. Chrysanthemum Morifulium, Cinerea Spp., Ficus Benjamin and Gazania Spp., were mix infected by ToVV and INSV. Gazania spp. and Dahlia spp., were mix infected by TSWV, INSV and ToVV.

The Study on participative action utilizers in conservation and reclamation of Rang lands in the Markazi province (IRAN).  [2008]

   

Moghadasi, Jafar
Borghani Farahani, Mehdi
Najmi, Mojtaba
Saeidi, Ahmad
Mirvahabi, Haniyehe
Gandomkar, Akbar
Alini, Mousen

Abstract:
range land in every country is of importantly natural resource, that have effectives important on the protection water and soil and alimentary needs securing of country.Erosion rangeland influence on the erosion and drought. But us of participation. People could had effect important on development rangeland.Aime main this search is determining factor effective and inhibiting participation operators on the preservation and rehabilitation rang land and appropriate method participatory in this search in central province.This search is survey and tools collected information are qustionare. Populations' are 20417 family rural in the format 223 plan range and topic Experts rangeland.Search results shown in draw participation beneficiary in the plans range. Parameters groups liks interest to work the others and sense task top coefficient significant the to own have allocation.While the parameters individual like supply interests and improvement situation life not have relationship with range participation beneficiary in the plan rangs. About with factors deterrent, variable, dislike and no attention to programs participatory. Lack of confidence being impose, lack of awareness.Not satisfactory needs and expectation and lack of support. Had more relative significance with coefficient correlation revers shown.Organizing management rangs in the rural with participation and interaction all groups' willagiane emphasis on supply interests groups.More off interest individuall.

Evaluation o the eicacy o the EC (Emolsion Concentrated) ormulation o azadirachtine prepared in Iranian research institute o plant protection in comparison and comparison with some insecticides control some insect pests

2013

Modarres Najaabadi, Saeid

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This research was conducted on Myzus persicae Sulger in Markazi province. M. persicae reported as a major pest o peach in Iran (Markazi province) and other peach growing areas in the world. Green peach aphid cause noticeable damage on quantity and quantity o peach. In this study, eicacy o neem extraction, (azadirachtine that prepared in Iranian research institute o plant protection) in three concentration and comparison with some insecticides (diazinon, deltamethrin and primicarb) on green peach aphid was evaluated under garden condition during 2011-2012. This examination was perormed in randomized complete block design with 6 treatments in 4 replications. Treatments including: 1- neem extraction (1 ml/l), 2- neem extraction (2 ml/l), 3- neem extraction (3 ml/l), 4- diazinon (1 ml/l), 5- deltamethrin (0.5 ml/l), 6- primicarb (0.7 1ml/l), and check treatment. Density o population aphids was sampled one day beore, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days ater pesticides application (sampling unite was selected 20cm o peach tree branch and all aphids on sampling unite were counted). Statistical analysis was done on mortality precent obtained by Henderson-Tilton ormula showed that there was signiicant dierence between times o sampling. The results showed that eects o pesticides applied signiicantly were ound dierent at sampling intervals. In 21 days ater application, diazinon caused higher aphid mortality than the others on peach aphid

Evaluation o the eicacy o the EC (Emolsion Concentrated) ormulation o azadirachtine prepared in Iranian research institute o plant protection in comparison and comparison with some insecticides control some insect pests  [2013]

   

Modarres Najaabadi, Saeid, Markazi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center

Abstract:
This research was conducted on Myzus persicae Sulger in Markazi province. M. persicae reported as a major pest o peach in Iran (Markazi province) and other peach growing areas in the world. Green peach aphid cause noticeable damage on quantity and quantity o peach. In this study, eicacy o neem extraction, (azadirachtine that prepared in Iranian research institute o plant protection) in three concentration and comparison with some insecticides (diazinon, deltamethrin and primicarb) on green peach aphid was evaluated under garden condition during 2011-2012. This examination was perormed in randomized complete block design with 6 treatments in 4 replications. Treatments including: 1- neem extraction (1 ml/l), 2- neem extraction (2 ml/l), 3- neem extraction (3 ml/l), 4- diazinon (1 ml/l), 5- deltamethrin (0.5 ml/l), 6- primicarb (0.7 1ml/l), and check treatment. Density o population aphids was sampled one day beore, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days ater pesticides application (sampling unite was selected 20cm o peach tree branch and all aphids on sampling unite were counted). Statistical analysis was done on mortality precent obtained by Henderson-Tilton ormula showed that there was signiicant dierence between times o sampling. The results showed that eects o pesticides applied signiicantly were ound dierent at sampling intervals. In 21 days ater application, diazinon caused higher aphid mortality than the others on peach aphid

Combining ability between males and females of pistacia atlantica to select the best parents for artificial crosses.

2006

Maddah Arefi, Hassan; Mirza`i Nadoushan, Hossein; Azdou, Ziya`; Abdi Qazi Jahani, Akbar; Gol Babai`, Hossein; Darvishi Zeyd Abadi, Davoud; Nasir Zadeh, Abdolreza

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Present research work has been conducted using parental pistachia atlantica plants and their progenies in some provinces of Iran. The sites and trees were selected in Tehran, Fars, Markazi, Kerman and west Azerbaijan and in next step crossing of some paternal and maternal trees have followed according to line tester method in Tehran, Fars, and west Azarbaijan. Data collected from forest areas, greenhouse as well as laboratory. Selections of Full & Half Sibs were used after analyzing GCA and SCA. It was found that the trees of pistachia atlantica in candidate sites having capability of 19 to 39% oil production. Progenies were examined for 100 seed weight, germination percentage, and growth rate and establishment percentage. It was found that there are positive and significant correlation between seedling&rsquos height and stem height and stem height&rsquos and stem diameter but negative and significant correlation was found between oil percentage and seed size. Male 4 and 5 have effective role in oil production when crossed to different maternal trees. This effect in Full Sibs has shown to be more productive than all the Half Sibs in all provinces. According to our research results, the best paternal combiners are 4 & 5 with GCA 3.91 & 2.30 and the best combiner female trees are 8 & 13. In Fars province, General Combining Abilities for improving some characteristics such as germination percentage were calculated. The highest value was found to be in male 2 when crossed with females 4 & 13. GCA in mentioned male was 2.04 which is higher than all other GCAs. Highest values of 100 seed weight were found when male 2 crossed with females 2 & 10. GCA in male 2 is 11.82 and is higher than all others. The best female combiners were 12 & 6 with 9.36 & 4.82 of GCA respectively when crossed with males 2, 5 & 7(in female12) and 2 & 6(in female 6). In seed germination, highest value was found in males 12 & 13 when crossed with all females. The best female combiners were 7, 10 & 11 with 12.3, 9.23 & 7.31 GCA respectively. Within paternal trees, males 7, 8 & 9 with GCA 7.87, 16.5 & 7.54 respectively have been the best combiners. It has to be mentioned that the male 9 has capability to show high GCA and mean in all measured characteristics. In eastern Azerbaijan, the highest fruitfulness percentage related to crossed 9 male with 3 & 11 females. GCA in male 9 was 36.6 which is more than GCA of all other males. Meanwhile, the best female combiner has shown to be female10 with 8.77 GCA when crossed with males 9 & 13. Number of seed production was seen to be highest in male 9 when crossed with female 9 & 11. GCA in above mentioned male was 49.64 which were more than all others. The best mother tree combiner was 11 with 8.9 GCA when crossed with 9 male. The best germination percentage in eastern Azerbaijan was found in males 12 & 13 in all of their crossings. The best GCA were seen in maternal trees 7, 10 & 11 with 12.3, 9.23 & 7.31 respectively while GCA for males were found in7, 8 & 9 with 7.87, 16.5 & 7.54 respectively.

Study of Camphorosma monspeliacum Autecology in salin and alkaline areas  [2002]

   

Farmahini Farahani, Ali
Gholami, Karim
Shahmoradi, A.
Mirdavoodi, Hamid Reza
Zahedipoor, Hojatalah

Abstract:
Every executive desertification programs should be on the basis of research work with taking into consideration the recognition of endemic and important species from the view point of soil conservation, forage production, adaptability and other usages. In this respect the Camphorosma monspeliacum is one of the species that is adaptable to alkaline and salty areas. Therefore individual characteristics and its relationship to living and nonliving environment need some research works. In this research first of all the geographic distribution of the species were recognized. Then climatic condition, soil type, vegetation type of the habitats and some individual characteristics of the species includingphenology, preferable value and seed characteristics were studied. The results show that the total areas covered by the species are 38713/1ha that mostly distributed in western part of the Markazi and eastern part of Hamadan province. The species were also observed in a small part (0/5ha) of the Mayghan playa, which is located 25km far from north-eastern part of Arak. The mean annual rainfall equal to 296mm, temperature equal to 11/8°c, evapotranspiration equal to 1566mm, semi-arid climate, Ph equal to 9/2, Ec equal to 23mmos/cm2 with heavy texture soil are the most suitable condition for growing the species. The results also show that 74 percent of the areas covered by the Camphorosma monspeliacum with 400kg/ha production.

Identification of resistant genotypes to Common bacterial blight disease in common beans  [2009]

   

Lak, Mohammad Reza
Dorei, Hamid Reza

Abstract:
Common bacterial blight (CBB), caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap), is one of the major diseases in common bean fields leading to significant losses in yield and seed quality.Chemical control is ineffective. Therefore, the application of resistant varieties becomes an interesting alternative. The object of this experiment was to find resistant bean genotypes to CBB. The experiment was conducted at Arak Station of Agricultural and Natural Resources Center of Markazi Province for 3 years.Bean genotypes were planted in the field at 2 locations in each years. In one location Xap suspension with 107 CFU/ml was sprayed onto plants before flowering stage. Diseases scale was rated from 1 (Immune) to 5(susceptible). At first year, the experiment was carried out in agment design in 12 blocks with 234 bean genotypes with 3 checks including Khomein Local Chitti bean, Daneshkadeh white bean and Goli fed bean. Evaluated traits in 3 bean checks had no significant difference that meaned the experiment accuracy was high. Bean genotypes with disease scale 3≤ was selected.In the second and third years a randomized complete block design with 3 replications was used at each locations. In second year, 24 bean genotypes were selected from 48 bean genotypes. In the third year, the best bean genotypes including 21400, 21320 and 21407 were selected as resistance sources against Xap.

A Karyotype study of native livestock breds in markazi province.  [2001]

   

Majidi, Ali Reza
Sari, Zorehe

Abstract:
Indentification, preservation, and genetic improvement of native livestock resources are important goals in animal and paultry breeding:'In this regard; cytogenetic studies my provide same of the required genetic information. Given the importance of studying potentials of indigenous breeds) it is vital investigate and callect the basic genetic information about them. The aim of this experiment was karyotype determination and discription chromosomal characteristics of the Iranian breeds of cattle the so. called Galpoygani) sheep the so- called farahani, and poultry the 50- called native hens OROMIEH. Blood was collected from 50 sheep including 25 ews and 25 rams of Farahani sheep, 30 cattle including 15 male and 15 female of Golpaygani. on the basis of this investigation chromosame complements were determined from blood cultures. For karyotype identification, chromosomes were stained with G- banding method. Normal karyotype of farahani sheep was identified 54xx in female and 54xy in male, where 52 autosomes and one pair of sex chromosames. of the autOsomes, the first three pairs were large metacentrics (pairs 1 , 2 and 3) and 23 pairs were acrocentrics. The x chromosome was largest acrocentric and y chramosome being smallest one that was metacentric. Normal karyotype of Golpaygani cattle is 60xx in female, and 60xy in male. where 58 .autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes, from 58 autosomes are a11 acrocentric.

A Comparison of two methods of oestrous synchronization (CIDRand Sponge) and effect of PGF2 injection time on reproduction performance in breeding season of Farahani Sheep.  [2010]

   

Mirshamsollahi, Azadeh
Naderinia, Homayon
Sarhaddi, Fatolla
Borji, Mousen
Talebiyan Masoudi, Ali Reza
Zare Sahne, Ahmad

Abstract:
This experiment were carried out to compare different short-tern oestrous synchronization methods in farahani ewes and to determine of the best method, so were used 123 ewes from a sheep herd in Delijan city in Markazi province. After assure of health of the ewes,they were divided to five treatments randomizely, and the oestrous cycles of the ewes were synchronized using five methods with orderly times including :1) Use of CIDR for 7 days, insert in zero day and gave an intramuscular (i.m.) injection of PGF2 in same day, and i.m. injection of 500 IU PMSG at the time of CIDR remoal, 2) use of CIDR for 7 days, and in six day gave an i.m. injection of PGF2 , and i.m. injection of 500 IU PMSG at the time of CIDR removal, 3) Use of sponge for 7 days, insert in zero day and gave an i.m. injection of PGF2 , and i.m. injection of 500 IU PMSG at the time of sponge removal, 4) use of sponge for 7 days, and in six day gave an i.m. injection of PGF2 , and i.m. injection of 500 IU PMSG at the time of sponge removal, 5) control, without progesterone treatment (CIDR of sponge) and injection of PMSG and PGF2 . Result information at time start of experiment, pregnancy and parturition were recorded in tables. Then were analyzed using GLM and randomized complete design for weight of lamb birth and with chi-squre for other characteristics with SAS statiscal package. Results were shown that parturition percentage during expected date were 86.95, 86.95, 85.15 , 92 and 48 respectively.

Determination of prefernce value of key specie in Enjedan rangland of Markazi province.  [2005]

   

Mirdavodi, Hamid Reza
Farmahinifarahani, Ali
Zahedipor, Hojatolla
Sanadgool, Abbas Ali

Abstract:
Ranglands vegetation species comprises of different growth forms Including: shrubs, grasses and forbs wich are differ in growing time, flowering and seed maturity. As a result, prefer times by the animal also are different for each of these species. In this research, first of all the key and important species as well as associated species of ranglands were recognized, then morphological and seasonal changes and preference value \\vere determined on the selected species such as Artemisia aI/cheri, Kochia prostrata, Bromus tomentelllls, Asperula glomerata and Bll[tbnia (jkoelzii (The species of Artemisia aucheri has a class of palatability of 2 and the other species has a class of 1) In t11is research phenological period of plant were divided in 3 main steps including vegetative, !lowering and seed maturity. Species preference valut's wen: studied with the method of time measurment. Effective factors on species palatability such as morphological characteristics, phenology, environmental and chemical factors (Carbohydrates, Hemi selulose, Protein...) of the species also were investigated. In the final step. data obtained in measurment time method were compared with environmental and morphological characteristics of the species as well as forage quality. The palatable species such as Broflll/s tomcl/fellus, Asper/ila glomerafa, Bll/Tonia c(koelzii and annual grasses were se\\erly grazed in early time of season. During the grazing priod, the species of As

evaluation the effects of seeding rate and delaying sowing dates on yield and yield companents of three winter rapeseed cultivars.

2009

Motafafirad, Marefat; Mirabdolhagehehezaveei, Akbar

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In order to study the effects of delayeing sowing date and seeding rate on on Yield and Yield Components in three winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars, two field experiment was carried out as split-split plot arrangement in complete block design with three replications in agricultural research station of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Markazi Province, Arak (Iran) during 2006-2008 growing seasons. Three rapeseed cultivars (Okapi, Modena and Licord), three sowing dates (October 2, 12 and 22) and three seeding rate (6, 8 and 10 kg/ha) were randomized in main plot, subplot and sub-subplot respectively. Rapeseed cultivars had significant differences for all traits except seed oil content (%). Licord cultivar had the highest grain yield, lOOO-seed weight, seed number per pod, pod number per plant, plant height, days to end flowering, length of flowering, days to maturity, length of maturity, oil yield. Modena cultivar showed the highest pod number per plant, second branch number per plant, seed oil content (%) and the least 1000- seed weight, seed number per pod respectively. Okapi cultivar had the least grain yield, pod number per plant, plant height, second branch number per plant, days to initial flowering, days to end flowering, days to maturity, oil yield. There were significant differences among sowing dates for grain yield (P:sO.O 1). The first sowing date, had superiority to other sowing dats for all traits except length of flowering. The ieast grain yield (1723 kg/ha), 1000-seed weight (3.34 g), seed number per pod (22.01), pod number per plant (70.34), plant heigth (110.8 em), second branch number per plant (2.92), days to end flowering (244.79), length of maturity (29.22), seed oil content (45.5%), oil yield (806 kglha) was obtained on third sowing date and delaying sowing datc declined grain yield, oil yield. The interaction effect between sowing date*cultivar was significant for 10aO-seed weight and pod number pcr plant at 5% and I % probability level respectively. The interaction effect between cultivar*seeding rate for seed number per pod, pod number per plant and second branch number per plant was significant at I % probability level. The interaction effect between sowing date*seeding rate was significant for grain yield, seed number per pod, pod number per plant, plant height, second branch number per plant, length of flowering and oil yield at 1 % probability level. Also the interaction effect between cultivar*sowing date* seeding rate was significant for seed number per pod, pod number per plant, plant height and second branch number per plant at 1 % probability level. There was positive and significant correlations between grain yield and the most traits such as 1 aaO-seed weight, seed number per pod, pod number per plant, plant height, second branch number per plant, days to maturity, length of maturity, seed oil content (%), oil yield, except days to initial flowering and days to end flowering but correlation coefficient between grain yield and length of flowering was negative and significant. Keywords: Delaying Sowing Date, Seeding Rate, Quantitative and Qualitative Traits, Rapeseed

Selection of Hamehdani Alfalfa population of Markazi province.‎  [2004]

   

Talebnejad, Ali Reza
Sarlak, Mohammad Reza
Mogadam, Ali

Abstract:
In this study samples of Hammedani alfalfa were collected. Then these collected populations were mixed completely, and were prepared a hetrogen sample from among them. These seeds were cultivated in lines which 100 cm row spaces and plant distance was 50 cm. The number of lines were 42 and Their length were 30.5 m. The following method was used for selecting of supperiour plantat flowering stage. Two lateral lines and a plant from up and docun of each remaimder line were omitted, and This area was clevided into 60 nets that each nei contained 40 plants. Ten suppior plants were seiected with consedering The number of branches, leaves, turgidily, lodging from eachnet and second stage of selection was conducted on (he same method. The seeds of selected plants were reproduced on Khoumein Bean research station. The obtained seeds from reproduction operation will compare on yield varilies comparison proyect on during 1383. Keyword: Hamedani alfalfa, Net selection, Ecolype.

Evaluation of elite barly lines under on-farm condition.  [2006]

   

Babaie, Taghi
Zamani, Salim
Koochaki, Ahmad Reza
Mashayegk, Abdol Reza
Poormatin, Rashin
Beheshti nejad, Hamid Reza
Mirzaie, Farzad
Borji, Mousen

Abstract:
In order to achive a new cultivar of barley (Hordeum vulgare.L.) with high yield potential and stability; six variety and lines were studied in farmer field at a rural regional near to Arak (Markazi province) during 2004-2005. Experiment was conducted usig a RCBD with 3 replications. The genotypes were studied CB-81-13, CB-81-15, CB-81-11, CB-74-2 and Makuie (Check). Analysis of variance did not show any significant differences among varieties. However, Duncan mean multiple mean tests for yield among genotypes revealed that the genotype CB-81-11 had the highest an averge with yield of 7758 kg/ha, and classified into A class. The CB-81-15 and CB-80-10 with averge yields of 7250 and 7200 kg/ha, resrectively were shown to be in A class, where as Makuie had the lowest yield. Key words: Barley, Yield , Cultivar, elite lines, onfarm conditions.

Study of adaptability and yield comparison of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) winter lines.  [2011]

   

Mostafavi Rad, Marefat
Mir Abdolhagh, Akbar

Abstract:
In order to evaluate and compare of stability and yield of 20 superior winter rapessed lines (Brassica napus L.) and 3 promising line along with Okapi and Modena as check, two field experiments was carried out during 2009 – 2011 growing seasons based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research station of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Markazi Province, Arak, Iran. Each plot was incloding of four rows with 5 meter length and 30 centimeter distance. Important agronomic traits such as days number to initiation and end of flowering, length of flowering, days number to ripening, length of ripening, plant height, second branche number per plant, seed number per pod, pod number per plant were recorded during growth season. After harvesting, 1000 - seed weight and yield was estimated. The results of compuned analysis of variances showed that rapeseed cultivars had significant differences for all measured traits at 1% level prpbability.In this research, SW102 line had the most grain yield (4890 kg/ha) and L147 line showed the least grain yield (2732 kg/ha). Inaddition, grain yield of Okapi and Modena cultinars was equal 3622 and 3928 kg/ha, respectively. Keywords: Line, Winter Rapeseed, cold and semi cold location

Evaluation and yield comparison of new winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties in cold and mild cold regions.  [2011]

   

Mostafavi Rad, Marefat
Mir Abdolhagh, Akbar

Abstract:
In order to evaluate and compare of yield in 28 new winter rapessed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars along with Okapi as check, a field experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research station of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Markazi Province, Arak, Iran. Each plot was incloding of four rows with 6 meter length and 30 centimeter distance. Important agronomic traits such as days number to initiation and end of flowering, length of flowering, days number to ripening, length of ripening, plant height, second branche number per plant, seed number per pod, pod number per plant were recorded during growth season. After harvesting, 1000 - seed weight, seed oil content (%), seed and oil yield was estimated. The results of varians analysis showed that rapeseed cultivars had significant differences for the seed weight at 1% level prpbability. ES Betty had the most giain yield (4035 kg/ha) and Ella cultivars showed the least respectively in comparison with check.Grain yield of Iranian cultivar named seed yield (2050 kg/ha). Keywords: Rapeseed, Cultivars, Yield, Agronomic Traits

Determination Of Coefficients And Indices Related To Primary Tillage Using Three Bottoms Moald Board Plow And Conventional Tractors In Ten Areas

2005

Safari, Mahmud; Khosrovani Gashtasb, A`li; Zarif Neshat, Sa`id; Asadi, Ardeshir; Sham Abadi, Zeyn Ol-Abedin; A`del Zadeh, Reza; Sa`ati, Mohsen; Ruzbeh, Majid; Azad Shahraki, Shahram; Hedayati Pur, Abu Ol-Fazl; Luymi, Na`im

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The increasing of productivity , reducing of costs and suitable application of agricultural machinery can be achieved using uniform methods and application of social , economical and technical indices that is adaptable to agricultural conditions of areas. There is no information for more areas of country. Hence providing and presenting of development patterns will not have scientific credit and base without these fundamental data. In this study tillage indices and Coefficients by sampling from conventional tractors(MF285,U650and John Deer 3140) in Tehran, Fars, Isfahan, Khoozestan, Darab, Hamedan,Moghan, Semnan, Khorasan, Shahrekord and Markazi areas were detemined.Results showed that average power requirement for tillage is 20.36hp neglection of area and tractor type. The maximum and minimum power requirement were 26.1hp and 15.1hp for Isfahan and Fars areas respectively at 1% level. There was significant difference between tractor JD3140 and other tractor types in respect of rolling resistance at 1% level but was not significant difference between tractors U650 and MF285. The average traction efficiency was 68% and it was positive significant correlation between power requirements and specific resistance, costs per hectare, working days, requirement time per hectare, working width, fuel consumption, speed, net traction and rolling resistance in level of 1%. All the areas had same slippages except Moghan.The maximum slippage was belong to tractor MF285 in Moghan area and minimum slippage was belong to JD 3140 in Isfahan area. The mechanization degree of tillage and total were 98.6and 71.5 percent respectively . Mechanization level of tillage and total were 0.96hp/ha and 1.01hp/ha, mechanization capacity and hectare per tractor were 55Kw.h/ha and 50.45. Hamedan area had maximum working days (48days) and Khoozestan area had minimum working days (25days). In respect to homogeneity of areas, Semnan and Fars was in one group and another group was Darab, Chahamahal, Tehran, Isfahan, Moghan, Khorasan, Khoozestan and Hamedan respectively.

Determination Of Coefficients And Indices Related To Primary Tillage Using Three Bottoms Moald Board Plow And Conventional Tractors In Ten Areas

2005

Safari, Mahmud; Khosrovani Gashtasb, A`li; Zarif Neshat, Sa`id; Asadi, Ardeshir; Sham Abadi, Zeyn Ol-Abedin; A`del Zadeh, Reza; Sa`ati, Mohsen; Ruzbeh, Majid; Azad Shahraki, Shahram; Hedayati Pur, Abu Ol-Fazl; Luymi, Na`im

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The increasing of productivity , reducing of costs and suitable application of agricultural machinery can be achieved using uniform methods and application of social , economical and technical indices that is adaptable to agricultural conditions of areas. There is no information for more areas of country. Hence providing and presenting of development patterns will not have scientific credit and base without these fundamental data. In this study tillage indices and Coefficients by sampling from conventional tractors(MF285,U650and John Deer 3140) in Tehran, Fars, Isfahan, Khoozestan, Darab, Hamedan,Moghan, Semnan, Khorasan, Shahrekord and Markazi areas were detemined.Results showed that average power requirement for tillage is 20.36hp neglection of area and tractor type. The maximum and minimum power requirement were 26.1hp and 15.1hp for Isfahan and Fars areas respectively at 1% level. There was significant difference between tractor JD3140 and other tractor types in respect of rolling resistance at 1% level but was not significant difference between tractors U650 and MF285. The average traction efficiency was 68% and it was positive significant correlation between power requirements and specific resistance, costs per hectare, working days, requirement time per hectare, working width, fuel consumption, speed, net traction and rolling resistance in level of 1%. All the areas had same slippages except Moghan.The maximum slippage was belong to tractor MF285 in Moghan area and minimum slippage was belong to JD 3140 in Isfahan area. The mechanization degree of tillage and total were 98.6and 71.5 percent respectively . Mechanization level of tillage and total were 0.96hp/ha and 1.01hp/ha, mechanization capacity and hectare per tractor were 55Kw.h/ha and 50.45. Hamedan area had maximum working days (48days) and Khoozestan area had minimum working days (25days). In respect to homogeneity of areas, Semnan and Fars was in one group and another group was Darab, Chahamahal, Tehran, Isfahan, Moghan, Khorasan, Khoozestan and Hamedan respectively.

Investigations on the fauna of cicadas, spittlebugs, leafhoppers, treehoppers and planthoppers in region 1, including Tehran, Semnan, Ghom and some parts of Ghazvin and Markazi provinces (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha).

2008

Mozaffariyan, Fariba; Taqi Zadeh, Mohammad; Sajedi, Sepideh; Haji Esmaeiliyan, Abu Al-Fazl; Ne`matiyan, Mohammad Reza

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Planthoppers, leafhoppers, froghoppers and cicadas belong to suborder Auchenorrhyncha in order Homoptera. There are noticeable numbers of species in this suborder which have economic importance via their feeding, oviposition and transferring plant diseases. In current project, some Auchenorrhyncha spcesies were collected from Tehran, Ghom, Ghazvin and Markazi provinces and were studied along with some deposited specimens in the museum. Totally 10 families and 140 species were diagnosed as follow: Family: Cixiidae Cixius pallipes Fieber, 1876 Cixius sp1 Cixius sp2 Hyalesthes luteipes Fieber, 1876 Hyalesthes mlokosiewiczi Signoret, 1879 Hyalesthes obsoletus Signoret, 1865 Pentastidius pallens (Germar, 1821) Pseudolidarus fuscofasciatus (Melichar, 1902) Reptalus barajus (Dlabola, 1957) Reptalus sp.1 Reptalus sp2 Reptalus sp3 Family: Delphacidae Asiraca clavicornis (Fabricius, 1794) Chloriona unicolor (Herrich-Schaffer, 1835) Delphax sp1 Dicranotropis hamata (Boheman, 1847) Javesella pellucida (Fabricius, 1794) Kelisia ribauti Wagner, 1938 Laodelphax Striatellus Fallen, 1826 Toya propinqua (Fieber, 1866) Unkanodes latespinosa (Dlabola, 1957) Unkanodes tanasijevici (Dlabola, 1965) Family: Derbidae Malenia sarmatica (Anufriev, 1966) Family: Dictyopharidae Dictyophara europea (Linnaeus, 1767) Dictyophara iranica Linnavuori, 1962 Nymphorgerius mullah Dlabola 1979 Family: Flatidae Mesophantia pallens Melichar, 1902 Family: Issidae Analotodus ignavus (Dlabola, 1981) Family: Ricaniidae Ricania hedenborgi Stal, 1865 Family: Tettigometridae Tettigometra costulata Fieber, 1865 Tettigometra sulphurea Mulsant et Rey, 1855 Tettigometra varia Fieber, 1865 Tettigometra vitellina Fieber, 1865 Tettigometra sp1 Tettigometra sp2 Family: Cercopidae Aphrophoria alni (Fallen, 1805) Cercopis intermedia Kirschbaum, 1868 Lepyronia coleopterata (Linnaeus, 1758) Neophilaenus campestris (Fallen, 1805) Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus, 1758) Philaenus sp1 Poophilus nebulosus (Lithierry, 1876) Family: Cicadidae: Chloropsalta smaragdula Haupt, 1920 Chloropsalta viridiflava (Distant, 1914) Cicadatra alhageos (Kolenati, 1857) Cicadatra flava (Dlabola, 1970) Cicadatra hyalina (Fabricius, 1798) Cicadatra persica Kirkaldy, 1909 Cicadatra querula (Pallas, 1773) Cicadatra sp.1 Cicadetta gastrica (Stal, 1854) Cicadetta sp.1 Melampsalta caspica Kolenati, 1857 Melampsalta fraseri (China, 1938) Paharia putoni (Distanst, 1892) Tibicen plebejus (Scopoli, 1763) Tibicina haematodes (Scopoli, 1763) Family: Cicadellidae Subfamily: Agalinae...

Adaptability trials on Rosa damascena Mill. genotypes in different province of Iran(in central province).

2008

Tabaei Aghdaei, Seyed Reza; Azdo, Zia; Farmahini, Ali; Goodarzi , Golam Reza; Zare, Mostafa; Nasrollahi, Abolfazl

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To evaluate genetic potential for production yield increase and resistant variety selection in Rosa damascena Mill. an experiment was conducted using a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. ٤١ Rosa damascena Mill. genotypes were collected from ٣٣ areas in ٢٨ province of Iran, and cultivated in ٢٠٠٥ ‐ ٢٠٠٧ at the experimental field of Ali Abad Medicinal Plants Station, Arak, Iran. Different traits were evaluated in relation with adaptability and the results showed significant differences in time (year), genotype treatments and time * genotype. The highest amounts of height and flowering period were detected in Isfahan ٧ genotype. The highest amount of flower yield and flower dry weight percentage were observed in west Azarbaijan genotype and the highest amounts of flower number per plant, flowering period, the most pest resistance and flower number in Isfahan ٨ and this genotype was known as the best quality. In regard to important of genetic variation for flower yield increase and its necessity in plant breeding based on resistance to pests and adaptation to environmental conditions, selection of superior genotypes could be useful in genetic improvement of Rosa damascena Mill. for yield increase in order to achieve appropriate quantity and quality in flower and oil production. Keywords: Adaptability, Diversity, Flower yield, Genetic potential, Rosa damascena Mill.

Determination Interval and Depth of Canola Irrigation.  [2014]

   

Sahabi, Mhedi
Goshe, Mohyedin
Moradi Dalini, Abollfath
Ebrahimi Pak, Niyaz Ali
Naghavi, Hormoz

Abstract:
Canola cultivation develops at some of province in Iran. Information about irrigation schedule in canola field is necessary and this information unavailable. In order to determine optimum canola irrigation schedule (irrigation interval and irrigation depth) this experiment designed. This experiment was randomized complete block design consist of 4 treatment in three replications from 2000 for three years in research stations of Khuzestan, Hormozgan, Ghazvin, Kerman, Markazi, Boushehr and Esfahan province. The treatments were as follow: I1- Irrigation at 50mm cumulative evaporation of class A Pan I2- Irrigation at 75mm cumulative evaporation of class A Pan I3- Irrigation at 100mm cumulative evaporation of class A Pan I4- Irrigation at 125mm cumulative evaporation of class A Pan The depth of irrigation water was calculated to receive. Soil moisture up to fieldcapacity. At the end of growth stages and harvesting time, the grain yield, oil percentage, water use efficiency of canola were determined and statistical analyzes were used and discussed for yield and water use efficiency. The optimum irrigation interval in all of the research stations was irrigation at 75mm cumulative evaporation of class A Pan.

Identification and distribution of root and basal rot of onion caused by Fusarium spp. in Khomein.

2006

Lak, Mohammad Reza; Zare`, Rasul; Haq Shenas, Mahmud

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Fusarium root and basal plate rot , caused by Fusarium spp. are important soil – borne diseases of onion worldwide. The causal agents infect the root and basal stem plate and eventually kill the entire plant. A study in order to identify the species and to determine the importance of Fusarium spp. was conducted in Khomein area in 2004-2005. Five species including F. oxysporum , F. solani, F. equiseti, F. proliferatum and F. chlamydosporum were identified. The frequencies were 100, 71, 43, 43 and 14 precent, respectively. Most isolates of F. oxysporum and F. solani had high virulence and isolates of F. equiseti, F. proliferatum and F. chalmydosporum had low or very low virulence on onion seedling in greenhouse condition.

Effects of sowing date and cultivar on root rot severity of Chitti bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)  [2008]

   

Lak, Mohammad Reza
Qanbari, A`li Akbar
Sarlak, Abu Al-Qasem
Haq Shenas, Mahmud

Abstract:
In order to study of sowing date effect on root rot diseases caused by Fusarium solani of Chitti bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars, an experiment was conducted in Khomein national bean research station for three years (2004 to 2006). This experiment was arranged as split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. three chitti beans (Khomein local, Talash, COS16) were considered in 4 different sowing dates (10 May, 25 May, 9 June, 24 June). Results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of sowing date was significant on days to maturity, grains/pod, grains/plant, 100 grains weight, grain yield and root rot diseases at the 1% level and on pods/plant at the 5% level of probability. Effect of cultivar was significant days to maturity, plant height, pods/plant, grains/plant, 100 grains weight and root rot diseases at the 1% level and on grains/pod and grain yield at the 5% level of probability. Interaction of factors had significant effect on days to maturity, root rot diseases, pods/plant and grains/plant. 9 June and COS16 produced the highest grain yield. In study of diseases, relaying sowing date decreased diseases injuring. COS16 and Khomein local received the least and the highest damages of diseases, respectively. Number of dead plants and disease severity on bean hypocotyle that was planted on 24 June, decreased in compared with 10 May, 64.5% and 25.7%, respectively.

Determination of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration by Lysimetric Method at Arak Agricultural Research station.

2005

Dadivar, Mas`ud; Rostami, Asad Ol-Lah; Qadbiklu, Javad; Morad Abadi, Gholam Reza

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The combination of two separate processes whereby water is lost on the one hand from the soil surface by evaporation and on the other hand from the crop by transpiration is referred to evapotranspiration (ET).For determination of crop evapotranspiration (ETp) must estimated reference crop evapotranspiration (Eto). Because of meteorological data was available, empirical formulas compared with direct measurement using draining lysimeter.The experiment was carried out at Arak Station during four years (2002-2005). The results showed that potential evapotranspiration in the four years (2002-2005) with 7 month-period measurements were 1458.1 , 1435.4 , 1258.4 and 1312.2 mm , respectively. Min. monthly Eto was 104.3 mm in Apr. and Max. was 268.0 mm in Jul. The amount of pan evaporation (EP) in four years were 2019.2, 1898.8, 1697.8 and 1775.0 mm and Etp to EP ratio were 0.74, 0.77, 0.75 and 0.74 respectively. Formulas used in this study werePenman-Montieth, Hargreaves, Radiation and Pan. The results obtained have shown that the Hargreaves method was closer and Pan method was further than were from lysimetric method.

Allowable use determination of key species in Arak- Enjedan Rangelands.  [2007]

   

Farmahini Farahani, A`li
Mir Davudi, Hamid Reza
Borji, Mohsen
Azdu, Ziya

Abstract:
Overgrazing and deterioration of rangelands are the two longterm problem from the view point of water and soil conservation that cause irriversible damaging to these resources. In arid and semi arid envirinment one of the most nessessary and urgont methods for determonation of stocking rate and reduction of over grazing on rangelands is actual estimation of ranglands capacity. Therfore for this purpose the allowable use of each key species which are the dominant forage species and used by animals should be determined. In this research the species of Artemisia aucheri, Bromus tomentellus, Asperula glomerata, Buffonia sp. which are the key and most important species in Enjedan of Arak were studied. In order to determine the allowable use in Enjedan first of all ha area with suitable condition were selected and fanced and enclosed in the first year. From each species individual were selected on wich harvesting treatment incloding and background were applied (treatment for every individual). After harvesting the effect of utilization on future years were studied based on the plants root, phenological charactristics, forage yield, fresh condition,…. Result show that utilization limits of for two species of Bromus tomentellus, Asperula glomerata and for two species of Artemisia aucheri, , Buffonia sp. Is suitable.

Study of planting date effect on the yield and yield components of winter rapeseed varieties.  [2008]

   

Taleb Nezhad, A`li Reza
Rudi, Davud
Mir A`bd Ol-Haq, Akbar
Mostafavi Rad, Ma`refat

Abstract:
In order to study the effects of sowing date and variety type on yield and yield components of rapeseed, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replication were carried out during 2005-2006 and 2006- 2007 at agricultural experimental station of Agricultural and Natural Resource Research of Markazi province. The sowing date including (d1: Sep.11,d2: Sep.: 21, d3:Oct.1 and d4: Oct.11) and varieties including v1: Licord, v2: Opera, v3: Okapi and v4: Modena were allocated to main plots and sub-plots respecting. Combined analysis showed that in view point of yield, sowing dates of d2 and d3 were at A group (P0.01) with 4518 and 4499 kg/ha respectively. The variety of Modena with 4975 kg/ha was at A group, Licord and Opera with 4424 and 4272 kg/ha were at B group and Okapi variety was C group with 3422 kg/ha. The best interaction between sowing date and variety type was related to d1v4, d3v4 and d2v4 with 5302 , 5205, 5170 kg/ha respectively. Oil percentage at sowing dates was differ from 46.41 to 44.08 percent. Varieties has not significant effect on oil percentage. Varieties of Modena with 47.75% and Okapi with 46.77% were at A and B groups respectively. The interaction effect of d2v4 and d3v4 treatments with 48.20% and 48.04% respectively were at A group. IN viewpoint of oil yield, Jowing date of d3 and d2 with 2127 and 2090 kg/ha were at A group (P0.01). and d1 with 1987 kg/ha and d4 with 1803 kg/ha were at AB and B groups respectively.

Investigation on effect of Saveh flood spreading project on quality and quantity of vegetation cover.  [2005]

   

Gandom Kar, Akbar
Mir Davudi, Hamid Reza
Davudi Rad, A`li Akbar
Pur Matin, Afshin

Abstract:
In order to investigate the flood spreading effect on quality and quantity characteristics of Khoshkrood station 5 spreading channel and 10 quadrate sleeted. Since 1998 kind of species, vegetation covers. Percent, sand and rock fragment, bare soil, litter and yield and other quality parameter of each plot measured. Laboratory analysis of plant sample determined the amount of Ca, P, K, Na, protein, fibber, and lipid of palatable species of flooding area. According to the obtained data the floristic list of the plants produced .The amount of the dominant species production analyzed. The results shows that the yield of the shrub ,forbs and grass are 47.45 , 28.3 and 4.41 gr/m2 .The amount of yield in the shrub and Forbs are not statistically meaningful but the grass located in different group. Comparison between channels show that the 2,3and 4 channels based on the production located in same group and the 1, 4 and 2 channel placed in another group .Also the control and 5 channels located in the same group .

Effect of different substrates on the growth and quality and quantity characteristic of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii)

2009

Khalaj, Mohammad A`li; Hassan Zadeh, Seyf Ol-Lah; Yusef Beygi, Anusheh

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For study on the effect of different substrates on growth and yield of Gerbera, experiment was carried out as Randomized Complete Block design with 14 treatments and 3 replications. Treatments were as fallow : 1-fine sand,2-peat + fine sand (%25+ %75),3-peat+fine sand( %50+ %50), 4-perlite + peat (%75 + %25 ),5-perlite + peat( %50 + %50 ) , 6-perlite + peat (%25 + %75),7-perlite + peat + expanded clay ( %25 + %70 + %5 ),8- perlite + peat + expanded clay (%50 + %25 + %25 ),9-perlite + peat + expanded clay (25%+ %50 + %25 ),10- peat +expanded clay (%50 + %50 ) , 11-coco peat ,12-coco peat + perlite ( %75 + %25 ), 13- coco peat + perlite (%50 + %50 ), 14-coco peat + perlite + expanded clay (%50 + %25 + %25). Some flower characteristics were evaluated at harvest time. Results of variance analysis and means comparison showed that, 7th treatment was the best of all in some characteristics. In this treatment, at 6 months period, flower numbers, flower diameter, shoot diameter, shoot neck diameter, Flower height and vase life were 10.34(per pot), 12.4 cm, 0.8 cm, 0.58 cm, 54.5 cm and 11.6 days. Whereas for custom substrates (5th. treatment) that used in gerbera production were 7.44 (per pots), 11.3 cm, 0.7 cm, 0.51 cm, 51.6 cm and 10.8 days.

Effect of cooling duration and storage condition of corm on flowering time regulation of gladiolus var Oscar.  [2004]

   

Mirza Khani, A`bbas
A`rabi, Amir

Abstract:
Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus) is one of the most important cut flowers in the world.this plant propagated by corm.For cut flower production in year round the production of cut gladioli should be take place in different location and different planting dates.In this experiment we studied interaction of cold treatment and different storage times and different storage temperatures on vegetative and reproductive behavior of gladiolus cv. Oscar.A factorial experiment that arranged in randomized complete blocks with 3 replication was done during 1381-1382 years . in this experiments we studied effect of chilling duration (4,6weeks) and storage durations (4,6,8 weeks) at different temperature (10,20,30oc) was studid on vegetative and reproductive characteristics of gladiolus corm c.v. Oscar.Results indicate that with increasing storage time and storage temperature flowering stem length decrease. on the other hand, increasing time of storage and storage temperature (up to 30 oc) can reduce corm decays . Increasing cooling time decrease duration between planting and flowering.

Hybridization between chrysanthemum colons to produce Variety in chrysanthemum bluks with determine morphological chracteristics in order to introduce newcultivar of cut flower, spray and bedding chrysanthemum.

2007

sharifi, Mohammad Reza; A`rabi, Amir; Azadi, Pezhman; Bani Jamal, Mohammad; Bayat, Hossein

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Chrysanthemum with 160 species from compositea family from wide varities in colour and form is one of the most cut and pot flowers throughout in the world. Chrysanthemum in 70s it was in the top of world flower Product and in 90s it was placed second in world production, rose being the first. If our country can end the two challenge at production all over the year and presenting new figures, it has quite proper condition for producting and exporting Chrysanthemum . Accordingly, for introducing new types of Chrysanthemum for development of Iran flower exports hybridization research project between 10 Chrysanthemum colons has started to produce variety in Chrysanthemum bluks. Evry year after choose the parents , emasculation and isolating operation , hybridization and plantry hybrid seed in green house and then in scond year, transplanting produced seedlings to the farm and evaluatied them according 22 emphasised characteristics in international Guideline UPOV for the conduct of tests for Distinctness, uniformity and stability in Chrysanthemum . with repeating this cycle in the next years we achieved a bout 800 new cultivar of Chrysanthemum. Fortunetly after established the seed and plant certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI) with certificated Distinctness, uniformity and stability new kinds and nomination,Registrated 100 superior kinds as first Irand breeded cultivars.

Study on somaclonal variation in Polianthes tuberosa in vitro culture.  [2008]

   

Beyrami Zadeh, Ebrahim
Azadi, Pezhman
Safari, Akram
Shafi`i, Mohammad Reza
Sadeqi, Sadeq

Abstract:
Polianthes toberosa is one of the most important cut flower in world. That has Only white colore flower. Because this flower has not relative species, there for Introducing new vareity by in vitro breeding methods and mutation breeding is essential that supply of micropropagation porotocol. In this research micropropagation of Polianthes toberosawas investigated through basal segment and scals. For esterlization bulb of polianthes per treatment physical and chemical, hot water (46-57 ؛c for 1h).The lowest contamination was showed in 55 ؛c. Explant were culture on MS medium supplementd with kin (0, 2, 4TM) in stabilshment stage. The medium containting 2 Tm kin was showed the highest percentage of shoot and the highest number of shoots in each explant. The highest height was belonged to MS medium contamination 3 Tm NAA+30 TM BA.proliferation was not occurd in any treatment The studying from somatic embryogenesis of Polianthes toberosa basal segment, scals, anther, leaf and peduncle in this research Somatic embryogenesis was considerd on MS medium with 5 different group of PGR : NAA and BA2,4-D and BANAA and TDZPicloram and BADicambaIAA and BA. The effect of NAA and interaction effect of NAA and BA was signification. The highest volum of callus was formed in media containing 0.5 TM NAA alone and 2 TM NAA with 1.5 TM BA the medium without NAA was showed the lowest volume of callus. The highest volum of callus was formed on the MS medium containing 2 TM and 4 TM 2,4-D.

The studing of micropropagation of Gerbera sp via shoot tip explant.

2008

Azadi, Pezhman; Beyrami Zadeh, Ebrahim; Safari, Akram; Qasemi, Mina; Khalaj, Mohammad A`li

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Gerbera is one of the most important cut flower in the world. It is dependent to Asteraceae family and herbal plants. Gerbera is from South African origin. Tissue culture is the most common system for propagation of gerbera. Micro propagation of some variety of gerbera carried out at this research, so tip meristem is used. For disinfecting of explants, Naclo 2% at 30 minute is used. Basal medium that used at this experiment was MS and growth regulators IAA(0, 0.2, 0.4) ,BA (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.5, 3, 4mg/l) , Kin(0, 0.5, 1,2, 2.5, 4,8, 12 mg/l) and also growth regulators as NAA(0, 0.5, 0.1, 0.2) , IAA(0, 0.5, 2.5, 5) is used for rooting. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial arrangement. At the end number of proliferation, height and number of leaf was evaluated. Results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of hormones was significant at 1% level. Comparison of means showed treatments as 0.5 mg/l BA and 2.5 mg/l Kin produced highest proliferation and treatments 2.5 mg/l IAA is showed, the best rooting.

Evaluating of Genetic Variability for Quantitative Characters and Selection of Superior Single Plants for Propagation of them in Gladiolus Cultivars.

2008

Moradi A`shur, Behruz; Mirza Khani, A`bbas; A`zimi, Mohammad Hossein; Rezaei, A`bd Ol-Majid

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In order to study the genetic variability of morphological traits in cultivars gladiolus and selection single plant for reproduction, an experiment was conducted at National Research Station and Ornamental Plants- Mahallat for three years in 2005,2006 and 2007.The first year cultivars has collected and the second and third years the experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block design with three replication.The treatments were concluding six cultivars naming Sefid Masti, Sefid, Sourati, Narenji and Zard Khaldar.There were highly significant differences among cultivars for days to blooming, days to flowering, plant height, number of floret per spike, length of leaf, diameter of flower, diameter of stem, weight of flower wet, number of cormlet and diameter of cormlet, but differences for period of flowering and width of leaf during two years were not significant.Most of studied traits indicated great variation among cultivars.The phenotypic coefficient of variation were greater than the genotypic ones, for all the traits though, the differences for most of them were small. The highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation, were obtained for number of floret per spike, diameter of stem, diameter of cormlet, respectively and the lowest coefficient found for days to blooming and days to flowering. The highest broadsence heritability were obtained for length of flowering spike, number of floret per spike, weight of flower wet and diameter of stem, respectively and the lowest broadsence heritability found for number of leaf.Genotypic and phenotypic correlations among the traits had similar trend and in most cases had little differences.The highest Genotypic and phenotypic correlations of positive were obtained between length of leaf and number of cormlet, days to blooming and days to flowering, length of leaf and weight of flower wet. In general, the results of this study indicate that there were great phenotypic and genotypic coefficient for most of the traits and selection might be effective for their improvement, and also Oskar cultivar in comparison to others cultivars was superior for the most traits and Sefid Masti was the least.

Biological control of Thrips tabaci L. on Carnation plants with apply predator bug, Orius albidipennis, release and use authorized poisons under greenhouse conditions.

2009

Hosseni Niya, Asghar; Malkeshi, Hassan; Zamani, Salim; Pur Matin, Rashin; Qadami, Qasem; Amiri, Lotf Ol-Lah; Fattahi, Mahdi; Nuri, Mahdi; Hashemi, Hossein; Heydari, Mohsen; Masihi, Sa`id Reza; Sharifi, A`li

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Onion thrips,Thrips tabaci Lindeman, is the most important impediment for production and exports ornamental plants in Iran. This pest damage seriously to cut flowers especially Carnation, Gladiolus, Chrysanthemum and Tuberose. Without Correct pest management and rapidly spray against the onion thrips accused to increase production cost, environmental pollution, producers and consumers poisoning. Experiments accomplished to comparison different methods to control of the thrips in Ornamental Plants National Research Station of Mahallat in greenhouse conditions in 2002 and 2003 years. Results showed integrated method with 90.22% thrips mortality was the most effective method to control of the thrips. Then extension and research design accomplished for above purposes in six greenhouse of Mahallat City that consisted control, spray and integrated control (spray then release of 3 until 4 predator bug per plant).The experiments were randomized complete blocked design with 6 treatments and 10 replications (10 rows of Carnation). Results showed the number of population of the thrips per flower were 6.8-7.7 in control greenhouse, 1.1-3.1 in spray greenhouse and 0.25-0.4 in integrated control greenhouse respectively. Treatments were significant in 99% probabilities. So with greenhouse correct management and to application of integrated control to control of the thrips on carnation flower well be able to produce flower with at least poison residue and at least the thrips damage symptom.

Evaluation and yield comparison of new winter rapeseed varieties.

2009

A`li Zadeh, Bahram; Mostafavi Rad, Ma`refat; Mir A`bd Ol-Baqi, Akbar

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n order to evaluate and compare of yield and other important agronomic traits in 29 new winter rapessed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars along with Okapi as check, a field experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research station of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Markazi Province, Arak, Iran. Each plot was incloding of four rows with 5 meter length and 30 centimeter distance. Important agronomic traits such as days number to initiation and end of flowering, length of flowering, days number to ripening, length of ripening, plant height, second branche number per plant, seed number per pod, pod number per plant were recorded during growth season. After harvesting, 1000 - seed weight, seed oil content (%), seed and oil yield was estimated. The results of varians analysis showed that rapeseed cultivars had significant differences for the most of traits exept 1000 _ seed weight and seed oil content (%) at 1% level prpbability. ES Betty and WR 5252 (Libred) cultivars had the most giain yield (5539 and 5440 kg/ha) respectively in comparison with check.Grain yield of Iranian cultivar namely Zarfam was 5124 kg/ha. In this reaserch, NK Fair and Olphi cultivars had the least grain yield (2846 and 2671 kg/ha) respectively.

Study on effectiveness of six mineral and chemical insecticides in control of the Chrysanthemum Aphids , (Hom.: Aphididae ) in greenhouse conditions.

2009

Hosseni Niya, Asghar; Bani Jamali, Mohammad; Sadeqi, Sadeq; Moradi A`shur, Behruz; Nazari, Reza; Talebi, Hamid; Bani A`meri, Vali Ol-Lah; Shafi`i, Mohammad Reza

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Chrysanthemum aphid, Macrosiphoneilla sanborni (Gillette) and cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover are the most importante of chrysanthemum flower pests in Mahallat greenhouses and their damage are economic injuy. Study of effect of several insecticides on the chrysanthemum hasn't did yet in Mahalat green houses. They was used on chrysanthemum based on farmer experience on other crops. In this research were used from 7 compounds of insecticides including: endosulfan (ThiodanÆÊ-FanÆÊ), Imidacloprid (ConfidorÆÊ), pymetrozine (ChessÆÊ), pirimicarb (PirimorÆÊ) and pesticide jelly Sabz Avar - insecticidal soap (PalizinÆÊ), Silisium of rice grain paddy ashes source and Silicon (SiO3Na2) with many different consentration and in several times of spray on the chrysanthemum aphids. Experiment was carried out randomaized complete blocks desigen in 29 tratments in 1st year and 42 tratments in 2nd year with 3 replication . Results of the first years showed that different compounds had significant differences in comparison to control , but the most safty of them were, respectively ,Imidacloprid, pymetrozine , SiO3Na2 with once application, endosufan , pirimicarb with 7.5, 12.5, 12.5, 15, 17.5 %phytotoxicity. Rate of phytotoxicity was 56.67% for once application of palizin and was the highst (79.83%) in twice of application. Degree of effect of compounds was evaluated with 42 tratments and results showed that Imidacloprid (0.5ml/lit) was the best treatment with 92.3 % mortality rate. Other treatments including imidacloprid(0.4ml/lit), endosulfan 2.5ml/lit, endosulfan 2ml/lit, pirimicarb 2 ml/lit , silis of rice grain paddy ashes source 2% with thrice application spray , imdacloprid 0.3 ml/lit and pymetrozine 1.25 ml/lit had 90, 87.5, 84.1, 82.8, 80.6, 79.3 and 79.2 % mortality respectively. Phytotoxiciy of silisium of rice grain paddy ashes source was 27.33% that has not had physiological damage, and had ashes residual and dirty on the plant, so most use from silisium resource as potentially is considered for control this pest but has been ashes residue on the shrub only. So silis of ashes source can be as a potentially compound in integrated control of chrysanthemum aphids.